Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda
<i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) grass is an important tropical forage of African origin that supports millions of livestock and wildlife in the tropics. Overgrazing, conversion of grasslands for crop production and non-agricultural uses, and the introduction of impro...
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doaj-9448abd20a41473ebf6393662356cb0a2021-04-02T11:26:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-08-01101193119310.3390/agronomy10081193Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from UgandaClementine Namazzi0Julius Pyton Sserumaga1Swidiq Mugerwa2Martina Kyalo3Collins Mutai4Robert Mwesigwa5Appolinaire Djikeng6Sita Ghimire7National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Nakyesasa, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, UgandaNational Livestock Resources Research Institute, Nakyesasa, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, UgandaNational Livestock Resources Research Institute, Nakyesasa, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, UgandaBiosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, KenyaBiosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, KenyaRwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 96, Fort-Portal, UgandaBiosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, KenyaBiosciences Eastern and Central Africa—International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya<i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) grass is an important tropical forage of African origin that supports millions of livestock and wildlife in the tropics. Overgrazing, conversion of grasslands for crop production and non-agricultural uses, and the introduction of improved forages have threatened the natural diversity of <i>Brachiaria</i> grass in Uganda. This study established a national collection of <i>Brachiaria</i> ecotypes in Uganda and analyzed them for genetic diversity and population structure using 24 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. These markers had a high discriminating ability with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.89 and detected 584 alleles in 99 ecotypes. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a high within populations variance (98%) indicating a high gene exchange or low genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 00.016) among the ecotype populations. The Bayesian model based clustering algorithm showed three allelic pools in Ugandan ecotypes. The principal component analysis (PCA) of ecotypes, and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of ecotypes and six commercial cultivars showed three main groups with variable membership coefficients. About 95% of ecotype pairs had Rogers’ genetic distance above 0.75, suggesting most of them were distantly related. This study confirms the high value of these ecotypes in <i>Brachiaria</i> grass conservation and improvement programs in Uganda and elsewhere.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1193cluster analysispolymorphic information contentgenetic variationforage grasspolyploidyphylogenetic |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Clementine Namazzi Julius Pyton Sserumaga Swidiq Mugerwa Martina Kyalo Collins Mutai Robert Mwesigwa Appolinaire Djikeng Sita Ghimire |
spellingShingle |
Clementine Namazzi Julius Pyton Sserumaga Swidiq Mugerwa Martina Kyalo Collins Mutai Robert Mwesigwa Appolinaire Djikeng Sita Ghimire Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda Agronomy cluster analysis polymorphic information content genetic variation forage grass polyploidy phylogenetic |
author_facet |
Clementine Namazzi Julius Pyton Sserumaga Swidiq Mugerwa Martina Kyalo Collins Mutai Robert Mwesigwa Appolinaire Djikeng Sita Ghimire |
author_sort |
Clementine Namazzi |
title |
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda |
title_short |
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda |
title_full |
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda |
title_fullStr |
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of <i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) Ecotypes from Uganda |
title_sort |
genetic diversity and population structure of <i>brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>urochloa</i>) ecotypes from uganda |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
<i>Brachiaria</i> (syn. <i>Urochloa</i>) grass is an important tropical forage of African origin that supports millions of livestock and wildlife in the tropics. Overgrazing, conversion of grasslands for crop production and non-agricultural uses, and the introduction of improved forages have threatened the natural diversity of <i>Brachiaria</i> grass in Uganda. This study established a national collection of <i>Brachiaria</i> ecotypes in Uganda and analyzed them for genetic diversity and population structure using 24 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. These markers had a high discriminating ability with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.89 and detected 584 alleles in 99 ecotypes. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a high within populations variance (98%) indicating a high gene exchange or low genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 00.016) among the ecotype populations. The Bayesian model based clustering algorithm showed three allelic pools in Ugandan ecotypes. The principal component analysis (PCA) of ecotypes, and Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of ecotypes and six commercial cultivars showed three main groups with variable membership coefficients. About 95% of ecotype pairs had Rogers’ genetic distance above 0.75, suggesting most of them were distantly related. This study confirms the high value of these ecotypes in <i>Brachiaria</i> grass conservation and improvement programs in Uganda and elsewhere. |
topic |
cluster analysis polymorphic information content genetic variation forage grass polyploidy phylogenetic |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/8/1193 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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