Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has a profound effect on the human immune system, causing massive clonal expansion of CD8, and to a lesser extend CD4 T cells. The few human trials that have explored the effect of HCMV infection on responses to vaccination are conflicting, with some studies su...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01083/full |
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doaj-94b4b8758bdc445dacf6cba7fe2804b8 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Momodou Cox Momodou Cox Jane U. Adetifa Fatou Noho-Konteh Jainaba Njie-Jobe Lady C. Sanyang Abdoulie Drammeh Magdalena Plebanski Magdalena Plebanski Hilton C. Whittle Hilton C. Whittle Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Iain Robertson Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan |
spellingShingle |
Momodou Cox Momodou Cox Jane U. Adetifa Fatou Noho-Konteh Jainaba Njie-Jobe Lady C. Sanyang Abdoulie Drammeh Magdalena Plebanski Magdalena Plebanski Hilton C. Whittle Hilton C. Whittle Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Iain Robertson Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination Frontiers in Immunology human cytomegalovirus human infants measles vaccination diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTwP) vaccination vaccine responses antibodies |
author_facet |
Momodou Cox Momodou Cox Jane U. Adetifa Fatou Noho-Konteh Jainaba Njie-Jobe Lady C. Sanyang Abdoulie Drammeh Magdalena Plebanski Magdalena Plebanski Hilton C. Whittle Hilton C. Whittle Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Sarah L. Rowland-Jones Iain Robertson Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan Katie L. Flanagan |
author_sort |
Momodou Cox |
title |
Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination |
title_short |
Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination |
title_full |
Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination |
title_fullStr |
Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination |
title_full_unstemmed |
Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles Vaccination |
title_sort |
limited impact of human cytomegalovirus infection in african infants on vaccine-specific responses following diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and measles vaccination |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2020-06-01 |
description |
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has a profound effect on the human immune system, causing massive clonal expansion of CD8, and to a lesser extend CD4 T cells. The few human trials that have explored the effect of HCMV infection on responses to vaccination are conflicting, with some studies suggesting no effect whilst others suggest decreased or increased immune responses. Recent studies indicate substantial differences in overall immune system reactivity to vaccines based on age and sex, particularly cellular immunity. 225 nine-month old Gambian infants were immunized with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and/or measles vaccines. HCMV infection status was determined by the presence of CMV DNA by PCR of urine samples prior to vaccination. The effect of HCMV infection on either protective antibody immunity or vaccine-specific and overall cellular immune responses 4 weeks post-vaccination was determined, further stratified by sex. Tetanus toxoid-specific antibody responses were significantly lower in HCMV+ infants compared to their HCMV- counterparts, while pertussis, diphtheria and measles antibody responses were generally comparable between the groups. Responses to general T cell stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 as well as antigen-specific cytokine responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) were broadly suppressed in infants infected with HCMV but, perhaps surprisingly, there was only a minimal impact on antigen-specific cellular responses to vaccine antigens. There was evidence for subtle sex differences in the effects of HCMV infection, in keeping with the emerging evidence suggesting sex differences in homeostatic immunity and in responses to vaccines. This study reassuringly suggests that the high rates of HCMV infection in low income settings have little clinically significant impact on antibody and cellular responses to early life vaccines, while confirming the importance of sex stratification in such studies. |
topic |
human cytomegalovirus human infants measles vaccination diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTwP) vaccination vaccine responses antibodies |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01083/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-94b4b8758bdc445dacf6cba7fe2804b82020-11-25T02:35:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-06-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.01083535336Limited Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in African Infants on Vaccine-Specific Responses Following Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis and Measles VaccinationMomodou Cox0Momodou Cox1Jane U. Adetifa2Fatou Noho-Konteh3Jainaba Njie-Jobe4Lady C. Sanyang5Abdoulie Drammeh6Magdalena Plebanski7Magdalena Plebanski8Hilton C. Whittle9Hilton C. Whittle10Sarah L. Rowland-Jones11Sarah L. Rowland-Jones12Iain Robertson13Katie L. Flanagan14Katie L. Flanagan15Katie L. Flanagan16Infant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaSchool of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaSchool of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaDepartment of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomSchool of Medicine and School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaInfant Immunology Group, Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit, Fajara, GambiaSchool of Health & Biomedical Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Medicine and School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, AustraliaHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has a profound effect on the human immune system, causing massive clonal expansion of CD8, and to a lesser extend CD4 T cells. The few human trials that have explored the effect of HCMV infection on responses to vaccination are conflicting, with some studies suggesting no effect whilst others suggest decreased or increased immune responses. Recent studies indicate substantial differences in overall immune system reactivity to vaccines based on age and sex, particularly cellular immunity. 225 nine-month old Gambian infants were immunized with diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis and/or measles vaccines. HCMV infection status was determined by the presence of CMV DNA by PCR of urine samples prior to vaccination. The effect of HCMV infection on either protective antibody immunity or vaccine-specific and overall cellular immune responses 4 weeks post-vaccination was determined, further stratified by sex. Tetanus toxoid-specific antibody responses were significantly lower in HCMV+ infants compared to their HCMV- counterparts, while pertussis, diphtheria and measles antibody responses were generally comparable between the groups. Responses to general T cell stimulation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 as well as antigen-specific cytokine responses to purified protein derivative (PPD) were broadly suppressed in infants infected with HCMV but, perhaps surprisingly, there was only a minimal impact on antigen-specific cellular responses to vaccine antigens. There was evidence for subtle sex differences in the effects of HCMV infection, in keeping with the emerging evidence suggesting sex differences in homeostatic immunity and in responses to vaccines. This study reassuringly suggests that the high rates of HCMV infection in low income settings have little clinically significant impact on antibody and cellular responses to early life vaccines, while confirming the importance of sex stratification in such studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01083/fullhuman cytomegalovirushuman infantsmeasles vaccinationdiphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTwP) vaccinationvaccine responsesantibodies |