Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy.
The potential of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to act as a plant-growth promoter or as a bioremediator of toxic compounds can be affected by desiccation. In the present work, the bacterial survival ratio (BSR) in response to air desiccation was evaluated for P. putida KT2440 in the presence of different...
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doaj-94d8752ecbf848828b689a70806b0f4a2021-03-03T21:09:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032019-01-01147e021955410.1371/journal.pone.0219554Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy.Laura Abisaí Pazos-RojasLigia Catalina Muñoz-ArenasOsvaldo Rodríguez-AndradeLesther Emanuel López-CruzOrestes López-OrtegaFábio Lopes-OlivaresSilvia Luna-SuarezAntonino BaezYolanda Elizabeth Morales-GarcíaVerónica Quintero-HernándezMiguel Angel Villalobos-LópezJesús De la TorreJesús Muñoz-RojasThe potential of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to act as a plant-growth promoter or as a bioremediator of toxic compounds can be affected by desiccation. In the present work, the bacterial survival ratio (BSR) in response to air desiccation was evaluated for P. putida KT2440 in the presence of different protectors. The BSR in the presence of nonreducing disaccharides, such as trehalose, was high after 15 days of desiccation stress (occurring at 30°C and 50% relative humidity), whereas in the absence of a protector the bacterial counts diminished to nondetectable numbers (ca 2.8 log CFU/mL). The LIVE/DEAD staining method showed that bacteria protected with trehalose maintained increased numbers of green cells after desiccation while cells without protection were all observed to be red. This indicated that nonprotected bacteria had compromised membrane integrity. However, when nonprotected bacteria subjected to 18 days of desiccation stress were rehydrated for a short time with maize root exudates or for 48 h with water (prolonged rehydration), the bacterial counts were as high as that observed for those not subjected to desiccation stress, suggesting that the cells entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under desiccation and that they returned to a culturable state after those means of rehydration. Interestingly an increase in the green color intensity of cells that returned to a culturable state was observed using LIVE/DEAD staining method, indicating an improvement in their membrane integrity. Cellular activity in the VBNC state was determined. A GFP-tagged P. putida strain expressing GFP constitutively was subjected to desiccation. After 12 days of desiccation, the GFP-tagged strain lost culturability, but it exhibited active GFP expression, which in turn made the cells green. Furthermore, the expression of 16S rRNA, rpoN (housekeeping), mutL, mutS (encoding proteins from the mismatch repair complex), and oprH (encoding an outer membrane protein) were examined by RT-PCR. All evaluated genes were expressed by both types of cells, culturable and nonculturable, indicating active molecular processes during the VBNC state.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219554 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas Ligia Catalina Muñoz-Arenas Osvaldo Rodríguez-Andrade Lesther Emanuel López-Cruz Orestes López-Ortega Fábio Lopes-Olivares Silvia Luna-Suarez Antonino Baez Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García Verónica Quintero-Hernández Miguel Angel Villalobos-López Jesús De la Torre Jesús Muñoz-Rojas |
spellingShingle |
Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas Ligia Catalina Muñoz-Arenas Osvaldo Rodríguez-Andrade Lesther Emanuel López-Cruz Orestes López-Ortega Fábio Lopes-Olivares Silvia Luna-Suarez Antonino Baez Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García Verónica Quintero-Hernández Miguel Angel Villalobos-López Jesús De la Torre Jesús Muñoz-Rojas Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. PLoS ONE |
author_facet |
Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas Ligia Catalina Muñoz-Arenas Osvaldo Rodríguez-Andrade Lesther Emanuel López-Cruz Orestes López-Ortega Fábio Lopes-Olivares Silvia Luna-Suarez Antonino Baez Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García Verónica Quintero-Hernández Miguel Angel Villalobos-López Jesús De la Torre Jesús Muñoz-Rojas |
author_sort |
Laura Abisaí Pazos-Rojas |
title |
Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. |
title_short |
Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. |
title_full |
Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. |
title_fullStr |
Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, a survival strategy. |
title_sort |
desiccation-induced viable but nonculturable state in pseudomonas putida kt2440, a survival strategy. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS ONE |
issn |
1932-6203 |
publishDate |
2019-01-01 |
description |
The potential of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 to act as a plant-growth promoter or as a bioremediator of toxic compounds can be affected by desiccation. In the present work, the bacterial survival ratio (BSR) in response to air desiccation was evaluated for P. putida KT2440 in the presence of different protectors. The BSR in the presence of nonreducing disaccharides, such as trehalose, was high after 15 days of desiccation stress (occurring at 30°C and 50% relative humidity), whereas in the absence of a protector the bacterial counts diminished to nondetectable numbers (ca 2.8 log CFU/mL). The LIVE/DEAD staining method showed that bacteria protected with trehalose maintained increased numbers of green cells after desiccation while cells without protection were all observed to be red. This indicated that nonprotected bacteria had compromised membrane integrity. However, when nonprotected bacteria subjected to 18 days of desiccation stress were rehydrated for a short time with maize root exudates or for 48 h with water (prolonged rehydration), the bacterial counts were as high as that observed for those not subjected to desiccation stress, suggesting that the cells entered the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under desiccation and that they returned to a culturable state after those means of rehydration. Interestingly an increase in the green color intensity of cells that returned to a culturable state was observed using LIVE/DEAD staining method, indicating an improvement in their membrane integrity. Cellular activity in the VBNC state was determined. A GFP-tagged P. putida strain expressing GFP constitutively was subjected to desiccation. After 12 days of desiccation, the GFP-tagged strain lost culturability, but it exhibited active GFP expression, which in turn made the cells green. Furthermore, the expression of 16S rRNA, rpoN (housekeeping), mutL, mutS (encoding proteins from the mismatch repair complex), and oprH (encoding an outer membrane protein) were examined by RT-PCR. All evaluated genes were expressed by both types of cells, culturable and nonculturable, indicating active molecular processes during the VBNC state. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219554 |
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