A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification
Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membr...
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doaj-95299544d8814f2aa0469489efffc5a62020-11-25T01:56:32ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602019-07-01118125210.3390/polym11081252polym11081252A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water PurificationZi Yang0Yi Zhou1Zhiyuan Feng2Xiaobo Rui3Tong Zhang4Zhien Zhang5Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 N. College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 N. College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 N. College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USAState Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaWilliam G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USASustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated the industry since 1980. Although further development of polymeric membranes for better performance is laborious, the research findings and sustained progress in inorganic membrane development have grown fast and solve some remaining problems. In addition to conventional ceramic metal oxide membranes, membranes prepared by graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and mixed matrix materials (MMMs) have attracted enormous attention due to their desirable properties such as tunable pore structure, excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal tolerance, good salt rejection and/or high water permeability. This review provides insight into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions. A specific focus has been placed on introducing and comparing water purification performance of different classes of polymeric and ceramic membranes in related water treatment industries. Furthermore, the development challenges and research opportunities of organic and inorganic membranes are discussed and the further perspectives are analyzed.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/8/1252ceramic membranespolymeric membranesreverse osmosisnanofiltrationwater purificationdesalination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Zi Yang Yi Zhou Zhiyuan Feng Xiaobo Rui Tong Zhang Zhien Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Zi Yang Yi Zhou Zhiyuan Feng Xiaobo Rui Tong Zhang Zhien Zhang A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification Polymers ceramic membranes polymeric membranes reverse osmosis nanofiltration water purification desalination |
author_facet |
Zi Yang Yi Zhou Zhiyuan Feng Xiaobo Rui Tong Zhang Zhien Zhang |
author_sort |
Zi Yang |
title |
A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification |
title_short |
A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification |
title_full |
A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification |
title_fullStr |
A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Review on Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes for Water Purification |
title_sort |
review on reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes for water purification |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2019-07-01 |
description |
Sustainable and affordable supply of clean, safe, and adequate water is one of the most challenging issues facing the world. Membrane separation technology is one of the most cost-effective and widely applied technologies for water purification. Polymeric membranes such as cellulose-based (CA) membranes and thin-film composite (TFC) membranes have dominated the industry since 1980. Although further development of polymeric membranes for better performance is laborious, the research findings and sustained progress in inorganic membrane development have grown fast and solve some remaining problems. In addition to conventional ceramic metal oxide membranes, membranes prepared by graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and mixed matrix materials (MMMs) have attracted enormous attention due to their desirable properties such as tunable pore structure, excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal tolerance, good salt rejection and/or high water permeability. This review provides insight into synthesis approaches and structural properties of recent reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes which are used to retain dissolved species such as heavy metals, electrolytes, and inorganic salts in various aqueous solutions. A specific focus has been placed on introducing and comparing water purification performance of different classes of polymeric and ceramic membranes in related water treatment industries. Furthermore, the development challenges and research opportunities of organic and inorganic membranes are discussed and the further perspectives are analyzed. |
topic |
ceramic membranes polymeric membranes reverse osmosis nanofiltration water purification desalination |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/8/1252 |
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