Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in geophysical fields. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra provides an accurate LST dataset with global coverage and monthly series, but the monthly MODIS LST data are often obscured by clouds and other atmospheric...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-01-01
|
Series: | Remote Sensing |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/361 |
id |
doaj-9586de57c23f434dae34df5b8d957761 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-9586de57c23f434dae34df5b8d9577612020-11-25T02:06:05ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-01-0112336110.3390/rs12030361rs12030361Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform MethodHengzi Liu0Ning Lu1Hou Jiang2Jun Qin3Ling Yao4State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaLand surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in geophysical fields. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra provides an accurate LST dataset with global coverage and monthly series, but the monthly MODIS LST data are often obscured by clouds and other atmospheric disturbances and consequently exhibit significant data gaps at a global scale, resulting in a difficult interpretation of LST trends and climatological characteristics. In this paper, an effective and fast LST reconstruction method to fill data gaps in monthly MODIS LST is presented. The proposal combines the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the Penalized Least Square approach (PLS) together with the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) criterion. It depends only on the spatial high-frequency information from original LST estimates and allows a fast and automatic filling process without the help of any other ancillary data. To analyze its performance, the method is applied to fill data gaps on three continents with synthetic random missing values introduced as validation sets. The statistical evaluation shows that this method is capable of filling a large number of missing values in MODIS LST datasets with very high accuracy. In addition, the trend differences between the original LST and reconstructed LST have assessed the significance by computing 95% confidence intervals for a time series of trend differences is examined. Simulated experiments show that data gaps with large missing counts lead to significant differences in trend patterns and the patterns on validation sets are well estimated by this method, which confirms that the filling process of MODIS LST is necessary and favorable results can be produced for substantial data gaps by the DCT-PLS method.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/361gaps fillingland surface temperaturediscrete cosine transformpenalized least square approachmodis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Hengzi Liu Ning Lu Hou Jiang Jun Qin Ling Yao |
spellingShingle |
Hengzi Liu Ning Lu Hou Jiang Jun Qin Ling Yao Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method Remote Sensing gaps filling land surface temperature discrete cosine transform penalized least square approach modis |
author_facet |
Hengzi Liu Ning Lu Hou Jiang Jun Qin Ling Yao |
author_sort |
Hengzi Liu |
title |
Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method |
title_short |
Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method |
title_full |
Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method |
title_fullStr |
Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method |
title_full_unstemmed |
Filling Gaps of Monthly Terra/MODIS Daytime Land Surface Temperature Using Discrete Cosine Transform Method |
title_sort |
filling gaps of monthly terra/modis daytime land surface temperature using discrete cosine transform method |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Remote Sensing |
issn |
2072-4292 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in geophysical fields. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra provides an accurate LST dataset with global coverage and monthly series, but the monthly MODIS LST data are often obscured by clouds and other atmospheric disturbances and consequently exhibit significant data gaps at a global scale, resulting in a difficult interpretation of LST trends and climatological characteristics. In this paper, an effective and fast LST reconstruction method to fill data gaps in monthly MODIS LST is presented. The proposal combines the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and the Penalized Least Square approach (PLS) together with the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) criterion. It depends only on the spatial high-frequency information from original LST estimates and allows a fast and automatic filling process without the help of any other ancillary data. To analyze its performance, the method is applied to fill data gaps on three continents with synthetic random missing values introduced as validation sets. The statistical evaluation shows that this method is capable of filling a large number of missing values in MODIS LST datasets with very high accuracy. In addition, the trend differences between the original LST and reconstructed LST have assessed the significance by computing 95% confidence intervals for a time series of trend differences is examined. Simulated experiments show that data gaps with large missing counts lead to significant differences in trend patterns and the patterns on validation sets are well estimated by this method, which confirms that the filling process of MODIS LST is necessary and favorable results can be produced for substantial data gaps by the DCT-PLS method. |
topic |
gaps filling land surface temperature discrete cosine transform penalized least square approach modis |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/3/361 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hengziliu fillinggapsofmonthlyterramodisdaytimelandsurfacetemperatureusingdiscretecosinetransformmethod AT ninglu fillinggapsofmonthlyterramodisdaytimelandsurfacetemperatureusingdiscretecosinetransformmethod AT houjiang fillinggapsofmonthlyterramodisdaytimelandsurfacetemperatureusingdiscretecosinetransformmethod AT junqin fillinggapsofmonthlyterramodisdaytimelandsurfacetemperatureusingdiscretecosinetransformmethod AT lingyao fillinggapsofmonthlyterramodisdaytimelandsurfacetemperatureusingdiscretecosinetransformmethod |
_version_ |
1724935090648121344 |