Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall
Aerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this m...
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doaj-95c2273b915f4822a6c6a667b707c74b2020-11-24T21:49:08ZengMDPI AGColloids and Interfaces2504-53772019-04-01324610.3390/colloids3020046colloids3020046Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell WallDoron Kam0Michael Chasnitsky1Chen Nowogrodski2Ido Braslavsky3Tiffany Abitbol4Shlomo Magdassi5Oded Shoseyov6Department of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, IsraelInstitute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, IsraelDepartment of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, IsraelInstitute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, IsraelRISE, Stockholm 114 28, SwedenCasali Center of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, IsraelDepartment of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, IsraelAerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this method direct cryo writing (DCW) as it encompasses in a single processing step traditional directional freeze casting and the spatial fidelity of 3D printing. DCW is demonstrated with inks that are composed of an aqueous mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), which are the major building blocks of plant cell walls. Rapid fixation of the inks is achieved through tailored rheological properties and controlled directional freezing. Morphological evaluation revealed the role of ice crystal growth in the alignment of CNCs and XG. The structure of the aerogels changed from organized and tubular to disordered and flakey pores with an increase in XG content. The internal structure of the printed objects mimics the structure of various wood species and can therefore be used to create wood-like structures via additive manufacturing technologies using only renewable wood-based materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/3/2/46nanocellulose3D printingaerogelsice templatingbiomimetics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Doron Kam Michael Chasnitsky Chen Nowogrodski Ido Braslavsky Tiffany Abitbol Shlomo Magdassi Oded Shoseyov |
spellingShingle |
Doron Kam Michael Chasnitsky Chen Nowogrodski Ido Braslavsky Tiffany Abitbol Shlomo Magdassi Oded Shoseyov Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall Colloids and Interfaces nanocellulose 3D printing aerogels ice templating biomimetics |
author_facet |
Doron Kam Michael Chasnitsky Chen Nowogrodski Ido Braslavsky Tiffany Abitbol Shlomo Magdassi Oded Shoseyov |
author_sort |
Doron Kam |
title |
Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall |
title_short |
Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall |
title_full |
Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall |
title_fullStr |
Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall |
title_full_unstemmed |
Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall |
title_sort |
direct cryo writing of aerogels via 3d printing of aligned cellulose nanocrystals inspired by the plant cell wall |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Colloids and Interfaces |
issn |
2504-5377 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Aerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this method direct cryo writing (DCW) as it encompasses in a single processing step traditional directional freeze casting and the spatial fidelity of 3D printing. DCW is demonstrated with inks that are composed of an aqueous mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), which are the major building blocks of plant cell walls. Rapid fixation of the inks is achieved through tailored rheological properties and controlled directional freezing. Morphological evaluation revealed the role of ice crystal growth in the alignment of CNCs and XG. The structure of the aerogels changed from organized and tubular to disordered and flakey pores with an increase in XG content. The internal structure of the printed objects mimics the structure of various wood species and can therefore be used to create wood-like structures via additive manufacturing technologies using only renewable wood-based materials. |
topic |
nanocellulose 3D printing aerogels ice templating biomimetics |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2504-5377/3/2/46 |
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