| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diarrhea caused by <it>Capillaria philippinensis</it> (<it>C. philippinensis</it>) has not been reported in any areas with the exception of Taiwan province in China. We herein report the misdiagnosis and subsequent management of a patient with diarrhea caused by <it>C. philippinensis</it>.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 33-year-old woman from the outskirts of Danzhou city, Hainan province, China, had an 11-month history of chronic diarrhea with abdominal pain, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and severe weight loss. The patient was misdiagnosed at an outpatient clinic and one hospital. She was finally correctly diagnosed with <it>C. philippinensis</it> by stool examination. The patient was given a 30-days course of albendazole (400 mg/day) and had an uneventful and stable recovery.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Doctors cannot lose sight of patients’ dietary histories, must query stool examination results, and need to expand their knowledge of certain nonlocal and global diseases, especially those described in new case reports. Some diagnostic examinations must be performed repeatedly. Hainan province may be the epidemic focus of <it>C. philippinensis</it>.</p>
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