Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda

Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are poverty-related diseases with high prevalence rates in developing countries. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological scenario of STHs in an urban population in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey (n = 349 children aged 1–15 years) w...

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Main Authors: Deiviane Aparecida Calegar, Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar, Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista, Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro, Jéssica Pereira dos Santos, Mayron Morais Almeida, Márcio Neves Bóia, Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Limited 2021-01-01
Series:Journal of Tropical Medicine
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610181
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spelling doaj-967ef5a1fc23464ba2a7b3814a0c7cda2021-02-15T12:53:07ZengHindawi LimitedJournal of Tropical Medicine1687-96861687-96942021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66101816610181Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 AgendaDeiviane Aparecida Calegar0Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar1Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista2Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro3Jéssica Pereira dos Santos4Mayron Morais Almeida5Márcio Neves Bóia6Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa7Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilEscritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, BrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSoil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are poverty-related diseases with high prevalence rates in developing countries. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological scenario of STHs in an urban population in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey (n = 349 children aged 1–15 years) was carried out to obtain faecal samples and sociodemographic and sanitation data. Among the children, 143 (41%) were positive for at least one STH. Prevalence rates of infections by A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms were 24.4%, 42.6%, and 9%, respectively. A logistic regression multivariate model showed that infection with A. lumbricoides is significantly more frequent in children aged 11–15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–4.94; p=0.018) and the presence of latrines inside houses is a protection factor against ascariasis (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17–0.85; p=0.019). Positivity for T. trichiura is higher in the 5–10 (OR = 3.31; 95% IC = 1.85–5.89; p=0.001) and 11–15 age groups (OR = 3.16; 95% IC = 1.66–6.00; p=0.001), in children living in poor families (OR = 1.78; 95% IC = 1.01–3.14; p=0.045) and practicing open evacuation (OR = 2.07; 95% IC = 1.07–3.99; p=0.029). Hookworm infection is more frequent in children aged 11–15 years (OR = 6.70; 95% IC = 1.91–23.43; p=0.002), males (OR = 6.35; 95% IC = 2.00–20.14; p=0.002), and those living in stilt houses (OR = 3.52; 95% IC = 1.22–10.12; p=0.019). The use of albendazole in the last six months was a protection factor against hookworm infection (OR = 0.31; 95% IC = 0.10–0.96; p=0.042). The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe infections was 55.2%, 37.8%, and 7%, respectively, for A. lumbricoides, 72.4%, 24.3%, and 3.3% for T. trichiura, and 93.8%, 3.1%, and 3.1% for hookworms. Significantly higher worm burdens in T. trichiura and hookworm infections were associated with practicing open defecation and living in stilt houses. The data points to the need to improve sanitation infrastructure in Amazonian cities with similar sociodemographic and environmental characteristics.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610181
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista
Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
Jéssica Pereira dos Santos
Mayron Morais Almeida
Márcio Neves Bóia
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
spellingShingle Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista
Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
Jéssica Pereira dos Santos
Mayron Morais Almeida
Márcio Neves Bóia
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
Journal of Tropical Medicine
author_facet Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
Brenda Bulsara Costa Evangelista
Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
Jéssica Pereira dos Santos
Mayron Morais Almeida
Márcio Neves Bóia
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
author_sort Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
title Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
title_short Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
title_full Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
title_fullStr Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
title_full_unstemmed Socioenvironmental Factors Influencing Distribution and Intensity of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the Brazilian Amazon: Challenges for the 2030 Agenda
title_sort socioenvironmental factors influencing distribution and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the brazilian amazon: challenges for the 2030 agenda
publisher Hindawi Limited
series Journal of Tropical Medicine
issn 1687-9686
1687-9694
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are poverty-related diseases with high prevalence rates in developing countries. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological scenario of STHs in an urban population in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey (n = 349 children aged 1–15 years) was carried out to obtain faecal samples and sociodemographic and sanitation data. Among the children, 143 (41%) were positive for at least one STH. Prevalence rates of infections by A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms were 24.4%, 42.6%, and 9%, respectively. A logistic regression multivariate model showed that infection with A. lumbricoides is significantly more frequent in children aged 11–15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–4.94; p=0.018) and the presence of latrines inside houses is a protection factor against ascariasis (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17–0.85; p=0.019). Positivity for T. trichiura is higher in the 5–10 (OR = 3.31; 95% IC = 1.85–5.89; p=0.001) and 11–15 age groups (OR = 3.16; 95% IC = 1.66–6.00; p=0.001), in children living in poor families (OR = 1.78; 95% IC = 1.01–3.14; p=0.045) and practicing open evacuation (OR = 2.07; 95% IC = 1.07–3.99; p=0.029). Hookworm infection is more frequent in children aged 11–15 years (OR = 6.70; 95% IC = 1.91–23.43; p=0.002), males (OR = 6.35; 95% IC = 2.00–20.14; p=0.002), and those living in stilt houses (OR = 3.52; 95% IC = 1.22–10.12; p=0.019). The use of albendazole in the last six months was a protection factor against hookworm infection (OR = 0.31; 95% IC = 0.10–0.96; p=0.042). The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe infections was 55.2%, 37.8%, and 7%, respectively, for A. lumbricoides, 72.4%, 24.3%, and 3.3% for T. trichiura, and 93.8%, 3.1%, and 3.1% for hookworms. Significantly higher worm burdens in T. trichiura and hookworm infections were associated with practicing open defecation and living in stilt houses. The data points to the need to improve sanitation infrastructure in Amazonian cities with similar sociodemographic and environmental characteristics.
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610181
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