Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities.
In Amazonian Peru, the primary malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (formerly Anopheles darlingi), is difficult to target using standard vector control methods because it mainly feeds and rests outdoors. Larval source management could be a useful supplementary intervention, but to determine its fe...
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doaj-971539e6da4840eb91a0a8dab17fe04a2021-04-21T23:55:19ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352019-05-01135e000741210.1371/journal.pntd.0007412Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities.Catharine PrussingMarlon P SaavedraSara A BickersmithFreddy AlavaMitchel GuzmánEdgar ManriqueGabriel Carrasco-EscobarMarta MorenoDionicia GamboaJoseph M VinetzJan E ConnIn Amazonian Peru, the primary malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (formerly Anopheles darlingi), is difficult to target using standard vector control methods because it mainly feeds and rests outdoors. Larval source management could be a useful supplementary intervention, but to determine its feasibility, more detailed studies on the larval ecology of Ny. darlingi are essential. We conducted a multi-level study of the larval ecology of Anophelinae mosquitoes in the peri-Iquitos region of Amazonian Peru, examining the environmental characteristics of the larval habitats of four species, comparing the larval microbiota among species and habitats, and placing Ny. darlingi larval habitats in the context of spatial heterogeneity in human malaria transmission. We collected Ny. darlingi, Nyssorhynchus rangeli (formerly Anopheles rangeli), Nyssorhynchus triannulatus s.l. (formerly Anopheles triannulatus s.l.), and Nyssorhynchus sp. nr. konderi (formerly Anopheles sp. nr. konderi) from natural and artificial water bodies throughout the rainy and dry seasons. We found that, consistent with previous studies in this region and in Brazil, the presence of Ny. darlingi was significantly associated with water bodies in landscapes with more recent deforestation and lower light intensity. Nyssorhynchus darlingi presence was also significantly associated with a lower vegetation index, other Anophelinae species, and emergent vegetation. Though they were collected in the same water bodies, the microbial communities of Ny. darlingi larvae were distinct from those of Ny. rangeli and Ny. triannulatus s.l., providing evidence either for a species-specific larval microbiome or for segregation of these species in distinct microhabitats within each water body. We demonstrated that houses with more reported malaria cases were located closer to Ny. darlingi larval habitats; thus, targeted control of these sites could help ameliorate malaria risk. The co-occurrence of Ny. darlingi larvae in water bodies with other putative malaria vectors increases the potential impact of larval source management in this region.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007412 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Catharine Prussing Marlon P Saavedra Sara A Bickersmith Freddy Alava Mitchel Guzmán Edgar Manrique Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Marta Moreno Dionicia Gamboa Joseph M Vinetz Jan E Conn |
spellingShingle |
Catharine Prussing Marlon P Saavedra Sara A Bickersmith Freddy Alava Mitchel Guzmán Edgar Manrique Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Marta Moreno Dionicia Gamboa Joseph M Vinetz Jan E Conn Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
author_facet |
Catharine Prussing Marlon P Saavedra Sara A Bickersmith Freddy Alava Mitchel Guzmán Edgar Manrique Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar Marta Moreno Dionicia Gamboa Joseph M Vinetz Jan E Conn |
author_sort |
Catharine Prussing |
title |
Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
title_short |
Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
title_full |
Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
title_fullStr |
Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Malaria vector species in Amazonian Peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
title_sort |
malaria vector species in amazonian peru co-occur in larval habitats but have distinct larval microbial communities. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
issn |
1935-2727 1935-2735 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
In Amazonian Peru, the primary malaria vector, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (formerly Anopheles darlingi), is difficult to target using standard vector control methods because it mainly feeds and rests outdoors. Larval source management could be a useful supplementary intervention, but to determine its feasibility, more detailed studies on the larval ecology of Ny. darlingi are essential. We conducted a multi-level study of the larval ecology of Anophelinae mosquitoes in the peri-Iquitos region of Amazonian Peru, examining the environmental characteristics of the larval habitats of four species, comparing the larval microbiota among species and habitats, and placing Ny. darlingi larval habitats in the context of spatial heterogeneity in human malaria transmission. We collected Ny. darlingi, Nyssorhynchus rangeli (formerly Anopheles rangeli), Nyssorhynchus triannulatus s.l. (formerly Anopheles triannulatus s.l.), and Nyssorhynchus sp. nr. konderi (formerly Anopheles sp. nr. konderi) from natural and artificial water bodies throughout the rainy and dry seasons. We found that, consistent with previous studies in this region and in Brazil, the presence of Ny. darlingi was significantly associated with water bodies in landscapes with more recent deforestation and lower light intensity. Nyssorhynchus darlingi presence was also significantly associated with a lower vegetation index, other Anophelinae species, and emergent vegetation. Though they were collected in the same water bodies, the microbial communities of Ny. darlingi larvae were distinct from those of Ny. rangeli and Ny. triannulatus s.l., providing evidence either for a species-specific larval microbiome or for segregation of these species in distinct microhabitats within each water body. We demonstrated that houses with more reported malaria cases were located closer to Ny. darlingi larval habitats; thus, targeted control of these sites could help ameliorate malaria risk. The co-occurrence of Ny. darlingi larvae in water bodies with other putative malaria vectors increases the potential impact of larval source management in this region. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007412 |
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