Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight
Abstract Background Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, an...
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2021-02-01
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-z |
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doaj-979ea431ecc44ff79335f46846843495 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marja A. Heiskanen Sanna M. Honkala Jaakko Hentilä Ronja Ojala Riikka Lautamäki Kalle Koskensalo Martin S. Lietzén Virva Saunavaara Jani Saunavaara Mika Helmiö Eliisa Löyttyniemi Lauri Nummenmaa Maria C. Collado Tarja Malm Leo Lahti Kirsi H. Pietiläinen Jaakko Kaprio Juha O. Rinne Jarna C. Hannukainen |
spellingShingle |
Marja A. Heiskanen Sanna M. Honkala Jaakko Hentilä Ronja Ojala Riikka Lautamäki Kalle Koskensalo Martin S. Lietzén Virva Saunavaara Jani Saunavaara Mika Helmiö Eliisa Löyttyniemi Lauri Nummenmaa Maria C. Collado Tarja Malm Leo Lahti Kirsi H. Pietiläinen Jaakko Kaprio Juha O. Rinne Jarna C. Hannukainen Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation Obesity Insulin resistance Type 2 diabetes Exercise training Glucose metabolism Brain metabolism |
author_facet |
Marja A. Heiskanen Sanna M. Honkala Jaakko Hentilä Ronja Ojala Riikka Lautamäki Kalle Koskensalo Martin S. Lietzén Virva Saunavaara Jani Saunavaara Mika Helmiö Eliisa Löyttyniemi Lauri Nummenmaa Maria C. Collado Tarja Malm Leo Lahti Kirsi H. Pietiläinen Jaakko Kaprio Juha O. Rinne Jarna C. Hannukainen |
author_sort |
Marja A. Heiskanen |
title |
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_short |
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_full |
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_fullStr |
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
title_sort |
systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (crossys). exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weight |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation |
issn |
2052-1847 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, and is affected by genetics. Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS) aims to gain new systems-level understanding of the central metabolism in human body, and how exercise training affects this cross-talk. Methods CROSSYS is an exercise training intervention, in which participants are monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for body mass index (BMI) and within a pair at least the other is overweight. Twins are recruited from three population-based longitudinal Finnish twin studies, including twins born in 1983–1987, 1975–1979, and 1945–1958. The participants undergo 6-month-long exercise intervention period, exercising four times a week (including endurance, strength, and high-intensity training). Before and after the exercise intervention, comprehensive measurements are performed in Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland. The measurements include: two positron emission tomography studies (insulin-stimulated whole-body and tissue-specific glucose uptake and neuroinflammation), magnetic resonance imaging (brain morphology and function, quantification of body fat masses and organ volumes), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (quantification of fat within heart, pancreas, liver and tibialis anterior muscle), echocardiography, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, a neuropsychological test battery as well as biosamples from blood, urine and stool. The participants also perform a maximal exercise capacity test and tests of muscular strength. Discussion This study addresses the major public health problems related to modern lifestyle, obesity, and physical inactivity. An eminent strength of this project is the possibility to study monozygotic twin pairs that share the genome at the sequence level but are discordant for BMI that is a risk factor for metabolic impairments such as insulin resistance. Thus, this exercise training intervention elucidates the effects of obesity on metabolism and whether regular exercise training is able to reverse obesity-related impairments in metabolism in the absence of the confounding effects of genetic factors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03730610 . Prospectively registered 5 November 2018. |
topic |
Obesity Insulin resistance Type 2 diabetes Exercise training Glucose metabolism Brain metabolism |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-z |
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doaj-979ea431ecc44ff79335f468468434952021-03-11T12:08:01ZengBMCBMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation2052-18472021-02-0113111910.1186/s13102-021-00241-zSystemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS). Exercise training intervention in monozygotic twins discordant for body weightMarja A. Heiskanen0Sanna M. Honkala1Jaakko Hentilä2Ronja Ojala3Riikka Lautamäki4Kalle Koskensalo5Martin S. Lietzén6Virva Saunavaara7Jani Saunavaara8Mika Helmiö9Eliisa Löyttyniemi10Lauri Nummenmaa11Maria C. Collado12Tarja Malm13Leo Lahti14Kirsi H. Pietiläinen15Jaakko Kaprio16Juha O. Rinne17Jarna C. Hannukainen18Turku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuHeart Centre, Turku University HospitalDepartment of Medical Physics, Turku University HospitalTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuDepartment of Medical Physics, Turku University HospitalDivision of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University HospitalDepartment of Biostatistics, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuInstitute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC)A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern FinlandDepartment of Future Technologies, University of TurkuObesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of HelsinkiTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuTurku PET Centre, University of TurkuAbstract Background Obesity and physical inactivity are major global public health concerns, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Regulation of glucose homeostasis involves cross-talk between the central nervous system, peripheral tissues, and gut microbiota, and is affected by genetics. Systemic cross-talk between brain, gut, and peripheral tissues in glucose homeostasis: effects of exercise training (CROSSYS) aims to gain new systems-level understanding of the central metabolism in human body, and how exercise training affects this cross-talk. Methods CROSSYS is an exercise training intervention, in which participants are monozygotic twins from pairs discordant for body mass index (BMI) and within a pair at least the other is overweight. Twins are recruited from three population-based longitudinal Finnish twin studies, including twins born in 1983–1987, 1975–1979, and 1945–1958. The participants undergo 6-month-long exercise intervention period, exercising four times a week (including endurance, strength, and high-intensity training). Before and after the exercise intervention, comprehensive measurements are performed in Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland. The measurements include: two positron emission tomography studies (insulin-stimulated whole-body and tissue-specific glucose uptake and neuroinflammation), magnetic resonance imaging (brain morphology and function, quantification of body fat masses and organ volumes), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (quantification of fat within heart, pancreas, liver and tibialis anterior muscle), echocardiography, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue biopsies, a neuropsychological test battery as well as biosamples from blood, urine and stool. The participants also perform a maximal exercise capacity test and tests of muscular strength. Discussion This study addresses the major public health problems related to modern lifestyle, obesity, and physical inactivity. An eminent strength of this project is the possibility to study monozygotic twin pairs that share the genome at the sequence level but are discordant for BMI that is a risk factor for metabolic impairments such as insulin resistance. Thus, this exercise training intervention elucidates the effects of obesity on metabolism and whether regular exercise training is able to reverse obesity-related impairments in metabolism in the absence of the confounding effects of genetic factors. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03730610 . Prospectively registered 5 November 2018.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-021-00241-zObesityInsulin resistanceType 2 diabetesExercise trainingGlucose metabolismBrain metabolism |