Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet
Rapid and reliable tests for pre-emergence herbicide susceptibility in weeds are important to test a wider range of accessions on their baseline sensitivity, as well as to provide information on putative resistance. This study focused on the development of an agar quick test to determine sensitivity...
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doaj-97ae5ae925bd4bcaa048e6621587fcc12021-07-23T13:26:39ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-07-01111408140810.3390/agronomy11071408Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and FlufenacetMiriam H. Messelhäuser0Alexander I. Linn1Anna Mathes2Bernd Sievernich3Roland Gerhards4Department of Weed Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyDepartment of Weed Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyDepartment of Weed Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyASF SE, Speyerer Straße 2, 67117 Limburgerhof, GermanyDepartment of Weed Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, GermanyRapid and reliable tests for pre-emergence herbicide susceptibility in weeds are important to test a wider range of accessions on their baseline sensitivity, as well as to provide information on putative resistance. This study focused on the development of an agar quick test to determine sensitivity differences in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> Huds. to pre-emergence herbicides containing flufenacet and cinmethylin. The new agar quick test and a standardized whole plant pot bioassay were conducted twice in 2019. For both test systems, seeds of 18 populations of <i>A. myosuroides</i> originated from Southwest Germany and Great Britain were used and treated with discriminating rates of herbicides in dose-response studies. After 28 days, the above-ground dry matter of the plants was determined and the resistance factors were calculated. The agar test was able to provide information on the resistance status of the tested biotype within 12 days. All populations did not show reduced sensitivity to cinmethylin. Within three populations, differences in sensitivity levels were observed between the two test systems. As cinmethylin is not yet marketed in Europe, these resistance factors can also be considered as a baseline sensitivity for <i>A. myosuroides</i>. For flufenacet, the resistance factors differed significantly from the whole plant pot bioassay and the agar test for the biotypes A (0.35, 13.1), C (0.56, 13.2), D (1.87, 12.4), E (15.5, 3.5) and H (2.95, 14). It was possible for the most part for the cinmethylin tested populations to confirm the results of the standardized whole plant pot bioassay in the agar bioassay sensitivity tests, and hence create a promising, faster test system.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1408whole plant biotestquick testblack-grassherbicide resistance detectionVLCFAnew mode of action |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Miriam H. Messelhäuser Alexander I. Linn Anna Mathes Bernd Sievernich Roland Gerhards |
spellingShingle |
Miriam H. Messelhäuser Alexander I. Linn Anna Mathes Bernd Sievernich Roland Gerhards Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet Agronomy whole plant biotest quick test black-grass herbicide resistance detection VLCFA new mode of action |
author_facet |
Miriam H. Messelhäuser Alexander I. Linn Anna Mathes Bernd Sievernich Roland Gerhards |
author_sort |
Miriam H. Messelhäuser |
title |
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet |
title_short |
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet |
title_full |
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet |
title_fullStr |
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development of an Agar Bioassay Sensitivity Test in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the Pre-Emergence Herbicides Cinmethylin and Flufenacet |
title_sort |
development of an agar bioassay sensitivity test in <i>alopecurus myosuroides</i> for the pre-emergence herbicides cinmethylin and flufenacet |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Rapid and reliable tests for pre-emergence herbicide susceptibility in weeds are important to test a wider range of accessions on their baseline sensitivity, as well as to provide information on putative resistance. This study focused on the development of an agar quick test to determine sensitivity differences in <i>Alopecurus myosuroides</i> Huds. to pre-emergence herbicides containing flufenacet and cinmethylin. The new agar quick test and a standardized whole plant pot bioassay were conducted twice in 2019. For both test systems, seeds of 18 populations of <i>A. myosuroides</i> originated from Southwest Germany and Great Britain were used and treated with discriminating rates of herbicides in dose-response studies. After 28 days, the above-ground dry matter of the plants was determined and the resistance factors were calculated. The agar test was able to provide information on the resistance status of the tested biotype within 12 days. All populations did not show reduced sensitivity to cinmethylin. Within three populations, differences in sensitivity levels were observed between the two test systems. As cinmethylin is not yet marketed in Europe, these resistance factors can also be considered as a baseline sensitivity for <i>A. myosuroides</i>. For flufenacet, the resistance factors differed significantly from the whole plant pot bioassay and the agar test for the biotypes A (0.35, 13.1), C (0.56, 13.2), D (1.87, 12.4), E (15.5, 3.5) and H (2.95, 14). It was possible for the most part for the cinmethylin tested populations to confirm the results of the standardized whole plant pot bioassay in the agar bioassay sensitivity tests, and hence create a promising, faster test system. |
topic |
whole plant biotest quick test black-grass herbicide resistance detection VLCFA new mode of action |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1408 |
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