Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants

The short and long-term impact of birth mode on the developing gut microbiome in neonates has potential implications for the health of infants. In term infants, the microbiome immediately following birth across multiple body sites corresponds to birth mode, with increased Bacteroides in vaginally de...

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Main Authors: Christopher J. Stewart, Nicholas D. Embleton, Elizabeth Clements, Pamela N. Luna, Daniel P. Smith, Tatiana Y. Fofanova, Andrew Nelson, Gillian Taylor, Caroline H. Orr, Joseph F. Petrosino, Janet E. Berrington, Stephen P. Cummings
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01008/full
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spelling doaj-97e54cdb38a84ff4ade61ed3dbaa77ac2020-11-24T23:26:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-06-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.01008275668Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm InfantsChristopher J. Stewart0Nicholas D. Embleton1Elizabeth Clements2Pamela N. Luna3Daniel P. Smith4Tatiana Y. Fofanova5Andrew Nelson6Gillian Taylor7Caroline H. Orr8Joseph F. Petrosino9Janet E. Berrington10Stephen P. Cummings11Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United StatesNewcastle Neonatal ServiceRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomSchool of Science and Engineering, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, United KingdomDepartment of Statistics, Rice University, HoustonTX, United StatesAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United StatesAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United StatesFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomSchool of Science and Engineering, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, United KingdomSchool of Science and Engineering, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, United KingdomAlkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, HoustonTX, United StatesNewcastle Neonatal ServiceRoyal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United KingdomSchool of Science and Engineering, Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough, United KingdomThe short and long-term impact of birth mode on the developing gut microbiome in neonates has potential implications for the health of infants. In term infants, the microbiome immediately following birth across multiple body sites corresponds to birth mode, with increased Bacteroides in vaginally delivered infants. We aimed to determine the impact of birth mode of the preterm gut microbiome over the first 100 days of life and following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. In total, 867 stool samples from 46 preterm infants (21 cesarean and 25 vaginal), median gestational age 27 weeks, were sequenced (V4 region 16S rRNA gene, Illumina MiSeq). Of these, 776 samples passed quality filtering and were included in the analysis. The overall longitudinal alpha-diversity and within infant beta-diversity was comparable between cesarean and vaginally delivered infants. Vaginally delivered infants kept significantly more OTUs from 2 months of life and following NICU discharge, but OTUs lost, gained, and regained were not different based on birth mode. Furthermore, the temporal progression of dominant genera was comparable between birth modes and no significant difference was found for any genera following adjustment for covariates. Lastly, preterm gut community types (PGCTs) showed some moderate differences in very early life, but progressed toward a comparable pattern by week 5. No PGCT was significantly associated with cesarean or vaginal birth. Unlike term infants, birth mode was not significantly associated with changes in microbial diversity, composition, specific taxa, or overall microbial development in preterm infants. This may result from the dominating effects of NICU exposures including the universal use of antibiotics immediately following birth and/or the lack of Bacteroides colonizing preterm infants.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01008/fullbirth modecesareanvaginalgut microbiomepreterm infants16S rRNA sequencing
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Christopher J. Stewart
Nicholas D. Embleton
Elizabeth Clements
Pamela N. Luna
Daniel P. Smith
Tatiana Y. Fofanova
Andrew Nelson
Gillian Taylor
Caroline H. Orr
Joseph F. Petrosino
Janet E. Berrington
Stephen P. Cummings
spellingShingle Christopher J. Stewart
Nicholas D. Embleton
Elizabeth Clements
Pamela N. Luna
Daniel P. Smith
Tatiana Y. Fofanova
Andrew Nelson
Gillian Taylor
Caroline H. Orr
Joseph F. Petrosino
Janet E. Berrington
Stephen P. Cummings
Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
Frontiers in Microbiology
birth mode
cesarean
vaginal
gut microbiome
preterm infants
16S rRNA sequencing
author_facet Christopher J. Stewart
Nicholas D. Embleton
Elizabeth Clements
Pamela N. Luna
Daniel P. Smith
Tatiana Y. Fofanova
Andrew Nelson
Gillian Taylor
Caroline H. Orr
Joseph F. Petrosino
Janet E. Berrington
Stephen P. Cummings
author_sort Christopher J. Stewart
title Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
title_short Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
title_full Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
title_fullStr Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
title_full_unstemmed Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants
title_sort cesarean or vaginal birth does not impact the longitudinal development of the gut microbiome in a cohort of exclusively preterm infants
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Microbiology
issn 1664-302X
publishDate 2017-06-01
description The short and long-term impact of birth mode on the developing gut microbiome in neonates has potential implications for the health of infants. In term infants, the microbiome immediately following birth across multiple body sites corresponds to birth mode, with increased Bacteroides in vaginally delivered infants. We aimed to determine the impact of birth mode of the preterm gut microbiome over the first 100 days of life and following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. In total, 867 stool samples from 46 preterm infants (21 cesarean and 25 vaginal), median gestational age 27 weeks, were sequenced (V4 region 16S rRNA gene, Illumina MiSeq). Of these, 776 samples passed quality filtering and were included in the analysis. The overall longitudinal alpha-diversity and within infant beta-diversity was comparable between cesarean and vaginally delivered infants. Vaginally delivered infants kept significantly more OTUs from 2 months of life and following NICU discharge, but OTUs lost, gained, and regained were not different based on birth mode. Furthermore, the temporal progression of dominant genera was comparable between birth modes and no significant difference was found for any genera following adjustment for covariates. Lastly, preterm gut community types (PGCTs) showed some moderate differences in very early life, but progressed toward a comparable pattern by week 5. No PGCT was significantly associated with cesarean or vaginal birth. Unlike term infants, birth mode was not significantly associated with changes in microbial diversity, composition, specific taxa, or overall microbial development in preterm infants. This may result from the dominating effects of NICU exposures including the universal use of antibiotics immediately following birth and/or the lack of Bacteroides colonizing preterm infants.
topic birth mode
cesarean
vaginal
gut microbiome
preterm infants
16S rRNA sequencing
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01008/full
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