| Summary: | Understanding the trends of reference evapotranspiration (<i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>) and its influential meteorological variables due to climate change is required for studying the hydrological cycle, vegetation restoration, and regional agricultural production. Although several studies have evaluated these trends, they suffer from a number of drawbacks: (1) they used data series of less than 50 years; (2) they evaluated the individual impact of a few climatic variables on <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>, and thus could not represent the interactive effects of all forces driving trends of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>; (3) they mostly studied trends of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and meteorological variables in similar climate regions; (4) they often did not eliminate the impact of serial correlations on the trends of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and meteorological variables; and finally (5) they did not study the extremum values of meteorological variables and <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>. This study overcame the abovementioned shortcomings by (1) analyzing the 50-year (1961–2010) annual trends of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and 12 meteorological variables from 18 study sites in contrasting climate types in Iran, (2) removing the effect of serial correlations on the trends analysis via the trend-free pre-whitening approach, (3) determining the most important meteorological variables that control the variations of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>, and (4) evaluating the coincidence of annual extremum values of meteorological variables and <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>. The results showed that <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and several meteorological variables (namely wind speed, vapor pressure deficit, cloudy days, minimum relative humidity, and mean, maximum and minimum air temperature) had significant trends at the confidence level of 95% in more than 50% of the study sites. These significant trends were indicative of climate change in many regions of Iran. It was also found that the wind speed (<i>WS</i>) had the most significant influence on the trend of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> in most of the study sites, especially in the years with extremum values of <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i>. In 83.3% of the study sites (i.e., all arid, Mediterranean and humid regions and 66.7% of semiarid regions), both <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> and <i>WS</i> reached their extremum values in the same year. The significant changes in <i>ET<sub>o</sub></i> due to <i>WS</i> and other meteorological variables have made it necessary to optimize cropping patterns in Iran.
|
|---|
