Discovery and Proof-of-Concept Study of Nuclease Activity as a Novel Biomarker for Breast Cancer Tumors

• Main Authors: Luiza I. Hernandez, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Daniela Gerovska, Ricardo Rezola Solaun, Isabel Machado, Alien Balian, Juliana Botero, Tania Jiménez, Olaia Zuriarrain Bergara, Lide Larburu Gurruchaga, Ander Urruticoechea, Frank J. Hernandez
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Cancers
• Subjects: breast cancer; nucleic acid probes; cancer diagnostics; nuclease activity; biomarkers
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/2/276

Breast cancer is one of the most common pathologies diagnosed in the clinical practice. Despite major advancements in diagnostic approaches, there is no widely accepted biomarker in the clinical practice that can diagnose breast malignancy. Confirmatory diagnosis still relies on the pathological assessment of tissue biopsies by expert pathologists. Thus, there is an unmet need for new types of biomarkers and novel platform technologies that can be easily and robustly integrated into the clinic and that can assist pathologists. Herein, we show that nuclease activity associated to malignant tumors can be used as a novel biomarker in breast cancer, which can be detected via specific degradation of nucleic acid probes. In this study we have identified a set of three chemically modified nucleic acid probes that can diagnose malignancy in biopsy samples with high accuracy (89%), sensitivity (82%) and specificity (94%). This work represents a breakthrough for the potential clinical use of nuclease activity as biomarker, which can be detected via nucleic acids probes, for the clinical diagnosis of malignancy in breast tissue biopsies. This platform technology could be readily implemented into the clinic as adjunct to histopathological diagnostic.