Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy
Abstract Background The Motivation and Confidence domain questionnaire in the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) was lengthy (36 single items that aggregate to five subscales), and thus burdensome to both participants and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to use factor analys...
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doaj-985c77c1e0a2422eb0b0d38498a260472020-11-25T01:32:13ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582018-10-0118S211210.1186/s12889-018-5900-0Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacyKatie E. Gunnell0Patricia E. Longmuir1Sarah J. Woodruff2Joel D. Barnes3Kevin Belanger4Mark S. Tremblay5Department of Psychology, Carleton UniversityHealthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteDepartment of Kinesiology, University of WindsorHealthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteHealthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteHealthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteAbstract Background The Motivation and Confidence domain questionnaire in the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) was lengthy (36 single items that aggregate to five subscales), and thus burdensome to both participants and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to use factor analysis to refine the Motivation and Confidence domain to be used in the CAPL–Second Edition (CAPL-2). Methods Children, primarily recruited through free-of-charge summer day camps (n = 205, Mage = 9.50 years, SD = 1.14, 50.7% girls), completed the CAPL-2 protocol, and two survey versions of the Motivation and Confidence questionnaire. Survey 1 contained the Motivation and Confidence questionnaire items from the original CAPL, whereas Survey 2 contained a battery of items informed by self-determination theory to assess motivation and confidence. First, factor analyses were performed on individual questionnaires to examine validity evidence (i.e., internal structure) and score reliability (i.e., coefficient H and omega total). Second, factor analyses were performed on different combinations of questionnaires to establish the least burdensome yet well-fitted and theoretically aligned model. Results The assessment of adequacy and predilection, based on 16 single items as originally conceptualized within the CAPL, was not a good fit to the data. Therefore, a revised and shorter version of these scales was proposed, based on exploratory factor analysis. The self-determination theory items provided a good fit to the data; however, identified, introjected, and external regulation had low score reliability. Overall, a model comprising three single items for each of the following subscales was proposed for use within the CAPL-2: adequacy, predilection, intrinsic motivation, and perceived competence satisfaction. This revised domain fit well within the overall CAPL-2 model specifying a higher-order physical literacy factor (MLRχ2 (63) = 81.45, p = 0.06, CFI = 0.908, RMSEA = 0.038, 90% CI (0.00, 0.060)). Conclusions The revised and much shorter questionnaire of 12 items that aggregate to four subscales within the domain of Motivation and Confidence is recommended for use in the CAPL-2. The revised domain is aligned with the definition of motivation and confidence within physical literacy and has clearer instructions for completion.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5900-0Intrinsic motivationPhysical activityCompetenceChildrenAdequacyPredilection |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Katie E. Gunnell Patricia E. Longmuir Sarah J. Woodruff Joel D. Barnes Kevin Belanger Mark S. Tremblay |
spellingShingle |
Katie E. Gunnell Patricia E. Longmuir Sarah J. Woodruff Joel D. Barnes Kevin Belanger Mark S. Tremblay Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy BMC Public Health Intrinsic motivation Physical activity Competence Children Adequacy Predilection |
author_facet |
Katie E. Gunnell Patricia E. Longmuir Sarah J. Woodruff Joel D. Barnes Kevin Belanger Mark S. Tremblay |
author_sort |
Katie E. Gunnell |
title |
Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy |
title_short |
Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy |
title_full |
Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy |
title_fullStr |
Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Revising the motivation and confidence domain of the Canadian assessment of physical literacy |
title_sort |
revising the motivation and confidence domain of the canadian assessment of physical literacy |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Public Health |
issn |
1471-2458 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The Motivation and Confidence domain questionnaire in the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy (CAPL) was lengthy (36 single items that aggregate to five subscales), and thus burdensome to both participants and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to use factor analysis to refine the Motivation and Confidence domain to be used in the CAPL–Second Edition (CAPL-2). Methods Children, primarily recruited through free-of-charge summer day camps (n = 205, Mage = 9.50 years, SD = 1.14, 50.7% girls), completed the CAPL-2 protocol, and two survey versions of the Motivation and Confidence questionnaire. Survey 1 contained the Motivation and Confidence questionnaire items from the original CAPL, whereas Survey 2 contained a battery of items informed by self-determination theory to assess motivation and confidence. First, factor analyses were performed on individual questionnaires to examine validity evidence (i.e., internal structure) and score reliability (i.e., coefficient H and omega total). Second, factor analyses were performed on different combinations of questionnaires to establish the least burdensome yet well-fitted and theoretically aligned model. Results The assessment of adequacy and predilection, based on 16 single items as originally conceptualized within the CAPL, was not a good fit to the data. Therefore, a revised and shorter version of these scales was proposed, based on exploratory factor analysis. The self-determination theory items provided a good fit to the data; however, identified, introjected, and external regulation had low score reliability. Overall, a model comprising three single items for each of the following subscales was proposed for use within the CAPL-2: adequacy, predilection, intrinsic motivation, and perceived competence satisfaction. This revised domain fit well within the overall CAPL-2 model specifying a higher-order physical literacy factor (MLRχ2 (63) = 81.45, p = 0.06, CFI = 0.908, RMSEA = 0.038, 90% CI (0.00, 0.060)). Conclusions The revised and much shorter questionnaire of 12 items that aggregate to four subscales within the domain of Motivation and Confidence is recommended for use in the CAPL-2. The revised domain is aligned with the definition of motivation and confidence within physical literacy and has clearer instructions for completion. |
topic |
Intrinsic motivation Physical activity Competence Children Adequacy Predilection |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-018-5900-0 |
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