Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the duration and frequency of vaccine exposure to suboptimal temperatures during transit from the central vaccine storage in the capital to health centers in Lao PDR. Methods: Temperature data loggers traveled from the capital to the health centr...
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doaj-9888ef94135a426c8e1039e01bcf2ee52021-07-05T16:34:49ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-06-0176e07342Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional studyTomomi Kitamura0Viraneth Bouakhasith1Kongxay Phounphenghack2Chansay Pathammavong3Anonh Xeuatvongsa4Akiko Kobayashi5Masataro Norizuki6Hironori Okabayashi7Shinsuke Miyano8Yoshio Mori9Makoto Takeda10Masaya Sugiyama11Masashi Mizokami12Munehito Machida13Masahiko Hachiya14National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628655 Japan; Corresponding author.Ministry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDRMinistry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDRMinistry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDRMinistry of Health, Simuang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDRSchool of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8654, JapanNational Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628655 JapanNational Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628655 JapanNational Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628655 JapanNational Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, JapanNational Institute of Infectious Diseases, Murayama Branch, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, JapanGenome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, JapanGenome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-8516, JapanInstitute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Ishikawa, Kanazawa, 9208640, JapanNational Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 1628655 JapanObjective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the duration and frequency of vaccine exposure to suboptimal temperatures during transit from the central vaccine storage in the capital to health centers in Lao PDR. Methods: Temperature data loggers traveled from the capital to the health centre storages (146) with the vaccines to monitor the vaccine temperature nationwide. One health centre per district was selected using a simple random sampling method for the first round of temperature monitoring. One health centre was selected from every forty-nine high risk districts monitor the trend of vaccine temperature at the health centre storage and during outreach sessions in several districts. Vaccines and temperature data loggers were transported using the normal vaccination transportation. Findings: Overall, the vaccines were exposed to temperatures >8 °C for an average of 1648 min, equivalent to 9.0% of the observational period, and to temperatures <0 °C for an average of 184 min, equivalent to 1.35% of the study period. The proportion of exposure to temperatures >8 °C was the highest during the transit from the capital to the province. The proportion of exposure to temperatures <0 °C was the highest during storage at district level. Examined by region, vaccines in the northern provinces had higher risk of exposure to temperatures >8 °C; however, the risk of exposure to temperatures <0 °C was scattered nationwide. Moreover, some health centers showed fluctuations in storage temperature. Conclusions: Challenges associated with cold chain management, and the resulting deterioration of vaccines, might account for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The government should examine and invest in suitable technologies and approaches to ensure consistency in cold chain management.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021014456Cold chainExpanded program on immunizationNational immunization program |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Tomomi Kitamura Viraneth Bouakhasith Kongxay Phounphenghack Chansay Pathammavong Anonh Xeuatvongsa Akiko Kobayashi Masataro Norizuki Hironori Okabayashi Shinsuke Miyano Yoshio Mori Makoto Takeda Masaya Sugiyama Masashi Mizokami Munehito Machida Masahiko Hachiya |
spellingShingle |
Tomomi Kitamura Viraneth Bouakhasith Kongxay Phounphenghack Chansay Pathammavong Anonh Xeuatvongsa Akiko Kobayashi Masataro Norizuki Hironori Okabayashi Shinsuke Miyano Yoshio Mori Makoto Takeda Masaya Sugiyama Masashi Mizokami Munehito Machida Masahiko Hachiya Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study Heliyon Cold chain Expanded program on immunization National immunization program |
author_facet |
Tomomi Kitamura Viraneth Bouakhasith Kongxay Phounphenghack Chansay Pathammavong Anonh Xeuatvongsa Akiko Kobayashi Masataro Norizuki Hironori Okabayashi Shinsuke Miyano Yoshio Mori Makoto Takeda Masaya Sugiyama Masashi Mizokami Munehito Machida Masahiko Hachiya |
author_sort |
Tomomi Kitamura |
title |
Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study |
title_short |
Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study |
title_full |
Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study |
title_fullStr |
Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Vaccine temperature management in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A nationwide cross-sectional study |
title_sort |
vaccine temperature management in lao people's democratic republic: a nationwide cross-sectional study |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Heliyon |
issn |
2405-8440 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the duration and frequency of vaccine exposure to suboptimal temperatures during transit from the central vaccine storage in the capital to health centers in Lao PDR. Methods: Temperature data loggers traveled from the capital to the health centre storages (146) with the vaccines to monitor the vaccine temperature nationwide. One health centre per district was selected using a simple random sampling method for the first round of temperature monitoring. One health centre was selected from every forty-nine high risk districts monitor the trend of vaccine temperature at the health centre storage and during outreach sessions in several districts. Vaccines and temperature data loggers were transported using the normal vaccination transportation. Findings: Overall, the vaccines were exposed to temperatures >8 °C for an average of 1648 min, equivalent to 9.0% of the observational period, and to temperatures <0 °C for an average of 184 min, equivalent to 1.35% of the study period. The proportion of exposure to temperatures >8 °C was the highest during the transit from the capital to the province. The proportion of exposure to temperatures <0 °C was the highest during storage at district level. Examined by region, vaccines in the northern provinces had higher risk of exposure to temperatures >8 °C; however, the risk of exposure to temperatures <0 °C was scattered nationwide. Moreover, some health centers showed fluctuations in storage temperature. Conclusions: Challenges associated with cold chain management, and the resulting deterioration of vaccines, might account for outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The government should examine and invest in suitable technologies and approaches to ensure consistency in cold chain management. |
topic |
Cold chain Expanded program on immunization National immunization program |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021014456 |
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