Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico
In the Gulf of California; mineral deposits have contributed to high metal contents in coastal environments. This study examined cadmium; lead; copper; zinc; and iron contents in three fish species; <i>Kyphosus vaigiensis</i> (herbivore), <i>Stegastes rectifraenum</i> (omnivo...
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doaj-988a4906156344db9ac355392252f60f2021-01-20T00:06:34ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1661-78271660-46012021-01-011884484410.3390/ijerph18020844Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, MexicoElisa Serviere-Zaragoza0Salvador E. Lluch-Cota1Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal2Eduardo F. Balart3Hugo Valencia-Valdez4Lia Celina Méndez-Rodríguez5Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Calle IPN 195, La Paz, Baja California Sur 23096, MexicoIn the Gulf of California; mineral deposits have contributed to high metal contents in coastal environments. This study examined cadmium; lead; copper; zinc; and iron contents in three fish species; <i>Kyphosus vaigiensis</i> (herbivore), <i>Stegastes rectifraenum</i> (omnivore), and <i>Balistes polylepis</i> (carnivore) at two mining sites. Metal concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes were estimated using mass spectrophotometry. Also, we assessed the risk to human health from the consumption of these three species based on permissible limits; although only two of them (<i>Kyphosus</i> and <i>Balistes</i>) are consumed as food. Metal concentrations differed among fish species; except for iron. The highest concentrations of metals were not always recorded in the species at the highest trophic level; i.e., <i>Balistes</i>. The highest concentrations (dry weight) recorded were cadmium (0.21 ± 0.03 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) and lead (1.67 ± 0.26 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>S. rectifraenum</i>; copper (1.60 ± 0.49 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) and zinc (67.30 ± 8.79 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>B. polylepis</i>; and iron (27.06 ± 2.58 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>K. vaigiensis</i>. Our findings show that each element accumulates differently in particular marine organisms; depending on the physiology of the species and the biogeochemistry of its habitat; which in turn is affected by the anthropogenic activities in adjacent areas. No risk of heavy metals toxicity is expected from the human consumption of the species and sites studiedhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/844<i>Balistes</i><i>Kyphosus</i><i>Stegastes</i>trace elementsstable isotopesphosphorite mining |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza Salvador E. Lluch-Cota Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal Eduardo F. Balart Hugo Valencia-Valdez Lia Celina Méndez-Rodríguez |
spellingShingle |
Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza Salvador E. Lluch-Cota Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal Eduardo F. Balart Hugo Valencia-Valdez Lia Celina Méndez-Rodríguez Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health <i>Balistes</i> <i>Kyphosus</i> <i>Stegastes</i> trace elements stable isotopes phosphorite mining |
author_facet |
Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza Salvador E. Lluch-Cota Alejandra Mazariegos-Villarreal Eduardo F. Balart Hugo Valencia-Valdez Lia Celina Méndez-Rodríguez |
author_sort |
Elisa Serviere-Zaragoza |
title |
Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico |
title_short |
Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico |
title_full |
Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico |
title_fullStr |
Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentration Patterns in Three Marine Fish Species from Two Different Mining Sites inside the Gulf of California, Mexico |
title_sort |
cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, and iron concentration patterns in three marine fish species from two different mining sites inside the gulf of california, mexico |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1661-7827 1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
In the Gulf of California; mineral deposits have contributed to high metal contents in coastal environments. This study examined cadmium; lead; copper; zinc; and iron contents in three fish species; <i>Kyphosus vaigiensis</i> (herbivore), <i>Stegastes rectifraenum</i> (omnivore), and <i>Balistes polylepis</i> (carnivore) at two mining sites. Metal concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes were estimated using mass spectrophotometry. Also, we assessed the risk to human health from the consumption of these three species based on permissible limits; although only two of them (<i>Kyphosus</i> and <i>Balistes</i>) are consumed as food. Metal concentrations differed among fish species; except for iron. The highest concentrations of metals were not always recorded in the species at the highest trophic level; i.e., <i>Balistes</i>. The highest concentrations (dry weight) recorded were cadmium (0.21 ± 0.03 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) and lead (1.67 ± 0.26 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>S. rectifraenum</i>; copper (1.60 ± 0.49 µg g<sup>−1</sup>) and zinc (67.30 ± 8.79 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>B. polylepis</i>; and iron (27.06 ± 2.58 µg g<sup>−1</sup>), in <i>K. vaigiensis</i>. Our findings show that each element accumulates differently in particular marine organisms; depending on the physiology of the species and the biogeochemistry of its habitat; which in turn is affected by the anthropogenic activities in adjacent areas. No risk of heavy metals toxicity is expected from the human consumption of the species and sites studied |
topic |
<i>Balistes</i> <i>Kyphosus</i> <i>Stegastes</i> trace elements stable isotopes phosphorite mining |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/2/844 |
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