Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050)
India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015–2050, under specific pathways of diffusion...
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Copernicus Publications
2018-06-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/8017/2018/acp-18-8017-2018.pdf |
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doaj-989006d59beb40e0a8d9ce76ebd0b613 |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
C. Venkataraman C. Venkataraman M. Brauer K. Tibrewal P. Sadavarte P. Sadavarte Q. Ma A. Cohen S. Chaliyakunnel J. Frostad Z. Klimont R. V. Martin D. B. Millet S. Philip S. Philip K. Walker S. Wang S. Wang |
spellingShingle |
C. Venkataraman C. Venkataraman M. Brauer K. Tibrewal P. Sadavarte P. Sadavarte Q. Ma A. Cohen S. Chaliyakunnel J. Frostad Z. Klimont R. V. Martin D. B. Millet S. Philip S. Philip K. Walker S. Wang S. Wang Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
C. Venkataraman C. Venkataraman M. Brauer K. Tibrewal P. Sadavarte P. Sadavarte Q. Ma A. Cohen S. Chaliyakunnel J. Frostad Z. Klimont R. V. Martin D. B. Millet S. Philip S. Philip K. Walker S. Wang S. Wang |
author_sort |
C. Venkataraman |
title |
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) |
title_short |
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) |
title_full |
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) |
title_fullStr |
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050) |
title_sort |
source influence on emission pathways and ambient pm<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over india (2015–2050) |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
India is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and
future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management.
Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors
were developed and evaluated for 2015–2050, under specific pathways of
diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of
individual source sectors on PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were assessed through
systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate
matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by
population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that
PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not
limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in
most states exceeded the national PM<sub>2.5</sub> annual standard (40 µg m<sup>−3</sup>). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest
proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> in India.
About 60 % of India's mean population-weighted PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations
come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from <q>other</q>
sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are
residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion
and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste
burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other
contributors to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Future evolution of emissions under regulations
set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration
of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy
scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass
technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in
PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of
future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective
regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from
(i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning
and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is
dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in
industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the
most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any
impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times
higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline. |
url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/8017/2018/acp-18-8017-2018.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
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doaj-989006d59beb40e0a8d9ce76ebd0b6132020-11-24T21:02:22ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242018-06-01188017803910.5194/acp-18-8017-2018Source influence on emission pathways and ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution over India (2015–2050)C. Venkataraman0C. Venkataraman1M. Brauer2K. Tibrewal3P. Sadavarte4P. Sadavarte5Q. Ma6A. Cohen7S. Chaliyakunnel8J. Frostad9Z. Klimont10R. V. Martin11D. B. Millet12S. Philip13S. Philip14K. Walker15S. Wang16S. Wang17Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, IndiaInterdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, IndiaSchool of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, CanadaInterdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, IndiaInterdisciplinary program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, IndiaInstitute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Berliner Str. 130, 14467 Potsdam, GermanyState Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaHealth Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110, USADepartment of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN 55108, USAInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAInternational Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, AustriaDepartment of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, CanadaDepartment of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, CanadaNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USAHealth Effects Institute, Boston, MA 02110, USAState Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, ChinaIndia is currently experiencing degraded air quality, and future economic development will lead to challenges for air quality management. Scenarios of sectoral emissions of fine particulate matter and its precursors were developed and evaluated for 2015–2050, under specific pathways of diffusion of cleaner and more energy-efficient technologies. The impacts of individual source sectors on PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were assessed through systematic simulations of spatially and temporally resolved particulate matter concentrations, using the GEOS-Chem model, followed by population-weighted aggregation to national and state levels. We find that PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution is a pan-India problem, with a regional character, and is not limited to urban areas or megacities. Under present-day emissions, levels in most states exceeded the national PM<sub>2.5</sub> annual standard (40 µg m<sup>−3</sup>). Sources related to human activities were responsible for the largest proportion of the present-day population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> in India. About 60 % of India's mean population-weighted PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations come from anthropogenic source sectors, while the remainder are from <q>other</q> sources, windblown dust and extra-regional sources. Leading contributors are residential biomass combustion, power plant and industrial coal combustion and anthropogenic dust (including coal fly ash, fugitive road dust and waste burning). Transportation, brick production and distributed diesel were other contributors to PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Future evolution of emissions under regulations set at current levels and promulgated levels caused further deterioration of air quality in 2030 and 2050. Under an ambitious prospective policy scenario, promoting very large shifts away from traditional biomass technologies and coal-based electricity generation, significant reductions in PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels are achievable in 2030 and 2050. Effective mitigation of future air pollution in India requires adoption of aggressive prospective regulation, currently not formulated, for a three-pronged switch away from (i) biomass-fuelled traditional technologies, (ii) industrial coal-burning and (iii) open burning of agricultural residue. Future air pollution is dominated by industrial process emissions, reflecting larger expansion in industrial, rather than residential energy demand. However, even under the most active reductions envisioned, the 2050 mean exposure, excluding any impact from windblown mineral dust, is estimated to be nearly 3 times higher than the WHO Air Quality Guideline.https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/8017/2018/acp-18-8017-2018.pdf |