The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases leading to blindness. The present study explored the protective effects of hydrogen rich saline (HRS) against the photoreceptor degeneration in the N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administrated rat, a pharmacologica...
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doaj-9904262c3001414f8f7aab02d5005ab42020-11-24T21:34:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122017-08-01810.3389/fphar.2017.00587267447The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic StudyYe Tao0Tao Chen1Wei Fang2Zhongjun Yan3Qinghua Yang4Yifei Huang5Linjun Yu6Lingling Fan7Department of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, ChinaDepartment of Aerospace Health Service, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, 153 Hospital of Chinese PLAZhengzhou, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical UniversityXi’an, ChinaRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases leading to blindness. The present study explored the protective effects of hydrogen rich saline (HRS) against the photoreceptor degeneration in the N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administrated rat, a pharmacologically induced RP model. The therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and intravitreous (IV) injections of HRS on regional retina was quantified via topographic measurements. The MNU administrated rats received IV or IP injections of HRS, and then they were subjected to electroretinography, multi electrode array, histological and immunohistochemistry examinations. The concentrations of the retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the mRNA levels of apoptotic-associated genes were quantified. The IP and IV delivery pathways of HRS were both effective to ameliorate MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, the IV acted as a more efficient delivery method than the IP in terms of therapeutic effects. Particularly, the topographic measurements suggested that the IV delivery of HRS could alleviate MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration in the posterior retina. The immunostaining experiments also verified the comparative efficiency between IV and IP delivery of HRS on regional cone photoreceptors. Focal cone photoreceptors showed different susceptibilities to HRS and exhibited as a distinct spatial disequilibrium: cone photoreceptors in the ST quadrant were preferentially rescued; meanwhile, HRS induced protection was feeblest in the IN quadrant. Furthermore, the HRS treatment increased the level of retinal SOD, while reduce the level of retinal MDA in MNU administered rats. The expression levels of sever apoptotic -associated genes were significantly altered by HRS treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that the IV space is an excellent target for HRS delivery. The IV delivery of HRS can efficiently alleviate the photoreceptors (especially these locate at the posterior retina) from MNU toxicity and act as a candidate treatment for RP.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00587/fullhydrogenphotoreceptor degenerationdelivery efficiencyretinatherapy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ye Tao Tao Chen Wei Fang Zhongjun Yan Qinghua Yang Yifei Huang Linjun Yu Lingling Fan |
spellingShingle |
Ye Tao Tao Chen Wei Fang Zhongjun Yan Qinghua Yang Yifei Huang Linjun Yu Lingling Fan The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study Frontiers in Pharmacology hydrogen photoreceptor degeneration delivery efficiency retina therapy |
author_facet |
Ye Tao Tao Chen Wei Fang Zhongjun Yan Qinghua Yang Yifei Huang Linjun Yu Lingling Fan |
author_sort |
Ye Tao |
title |
The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study |
title_short |
The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study |
title_full |
The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study |
title_fullStr |
The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Comparative Efficiency of Intraperitoneal and Intravitreous Injection of Hydrogen Rich Saline against N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Retinal Degeneration: A Topographic Study |
title_sort |
comparative efficiency of intraperitoneal and intravitreous injection of hydrogen rich saline against n-methyl-n-nitrosourea induced retinal degeneration: a topographic study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pharmacology |
issn |
1663-9812 |
publishDate |
2017-08-01 |
description |
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal diseases leading to blindness. The present study explored the protective effects of hydrogen rich saline (HRS) against the photoreceptor degeneration in the N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administrated rat, a pharmacologically induced RP model. The therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal (IP) and intravitreous (IV) injections of HRS on regional retina was quantified via topographic measurements. The MNU administrated rats received IV or IP injections of HRS, and then they were subjected to electroretinography, multi electrode array, histological and immunohistochemistry examinations. The concentrations of the retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the mRNA levels of apoptotic-associated genes were quantified. The IP and IV delivery pathways of HRS were both effective to ameliorate MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration. Moreover, the IV acted as a more efficient delivery method than the IP in terms of therapeutic effects. Particularly, the topographic measurements suggested that the IV delivery of HRS could alleviate MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration in the posterior retina. The immunostaining experiments also verified the comparative efficiency between IV and IP delivery of HRS on regional cone photoreceptors. Focal cone photoreceptors showed different susceptibilities to HRS and exhibited as a distinct spatial disequilibrium: cone photoreceptors in the ST quadrant were preferentially rescued; meanwhile, HRS induced protection was feeblest in the IN quadrant. Furthermore, the HRS treatment increased the level of retinal SOD, while reduce the level of retinal MDA in MNU administered rats. The expression levels of sever apoptotic -associated genes were significantly altered by HRS treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that the IV space is an excellent target for HRS delivery. The IV delivery of HRS can efficiently alleviate the photoreceptors (especially these locate at the posterior retina) from MNU toxicity and act as a candidate treatment for RP. |
topic |
hydrogen photoreceptor degeneration delivery efficiency retina therapy |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00587/full |
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