Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development
Creating a functional cerebral cortex requires a series of complex and well-coordinated developmental steps. These steps have evolved across species with the emergence of cortical gyrification and coincided with more complex behaviors. The presence of diverse progenitor cells, a protracted timeline...
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doaj-991cf15c8b11427fb22db54b08e2be672020-11-25T02:19:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022020-01-011310.3389/fncel.2019.00576490864Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain DevelopmentLakshmi Subramanian0Maria Elisa Calcagnotto1Maria Elisa Calcagnotto2Maria Elisa Calcagnotto3Mercedes F. Paredes4Mercedes F. Paredes5Mercedes F. Paredes6Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesNeurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilGraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilGraduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, BrazilEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesNeuroscience Graduate Division, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United StatesCreating a functional cerebral cortex requires a series of complex and well-coordinated developmental steps. These steps have evolved across species with the emergence of cortical gyrification and coincided with more complex behaviors. The presence of diverse progenitor cells, a protracted timeline for neuronal migration and maturation, and diverse neuronal types are developmental features that have emerged in the gyrated cortex. These factors could explain how the human brain has expanded in size and complexity. However, their complex nature also renders new avenues of vulnerability by providing additional cell types that could contribute to disease and longer time windows that could impact the composition and organization of the cortical circuit. We aim to discuss the unique developmental steps observed in human corticogenesis and propose how disruption of these species-unique processes could lead to malformations of cortical development.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2019.00576/fullhuman cortical developmentMCD = malformation of cortical developmentprogenitors cellsneuronal migrationconnectivity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lakshmi Subramanian Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes |
spellingShingle |
Lakshmi Subramanian Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience human cortical development MCD = malformation of cortical development progenitors cells neuronal migration connectivity |
author_facet |
Lakshmi Subramanian Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Calcagnotto Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes Mercedes F. Paredes |
author_sort |
Lakshmi Subramanian |
title |
Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development |
title_short |
Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development |
title_full |
Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development |
title_fullStr |
Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cortical Malformations: Lessons in Human Brain Development |
title_sort |
cortical malformations: lessons in human brain development |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
issn |
1662-5102 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Creating a functional cerebral cortex requires a series of complex and well-coordinated developmental steps. These steps have evolved across species with the emergence of cortical gyrification and coincided with more complex behaviors. The presence of diverse progenitor cells, a protracted timeline for neuronal migration and maturation, and diverse neuronal types are developmental features that have emerged in the gyrated cortex. These factors could explain how the human brain has expanded in size and complexity. However, their complex nature also renders new avenues of vulnerability by providing additional cell types that could contribute to disease and longer time windows that could impact the composition and organization of the cortical circuit. We aim to discuss the unique developmental steps observed in human corticogenesis and propose how disruption of these species-unique processes could lead to malformations of cortical development. |
topic |
human cortical development MCD = malformation of cortical development progenitors cells neuronal migration connectivity |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fncel.2019.00576/full |
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