Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin.
A yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the faeces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicro...
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doaj-9923a93300a84c1fbbfb823c3eb7b2b12020-11-24T23:27:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2014-12-01510.3389/fmicb.2014.00722118155Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin.Miranda eKirchner0Muriel eMafura1Theresa eHunt2Manal eAbuoun3Javier eNunez-Garica4Yanmin eHu5Jan eWeile6Anthony eCoates7Roderick eCard8Muna eAnjum9Animal and Plant Health AgencyAnimal and Plant Health AgencyAnimal and Plant Health AgencyAnimal and Plant Health AgencyAnimal and Plant Health AgencySt George’s University of LondonUniversity Hospital of the Ruhr UniversitySt George’s University of LondonAnimal and Plant Health AgencyAnimal and Plant Health AgencyA yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the faeces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage. Seventy percent of the 1039 facultative anaerobic isolates recovered were identified by MALDI-TOF as Escherichia coli. A microarray used to determine virulence and resistance gene carriage demonstrated that AMR genes were widespread in all administration groups, with the most common resistance genes being blaTEM, dfr, strB, tet(A) and tet(B). Following amoxicillin administration, an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin resistant E. coli and a three-fold increase in the levels of blaTEM gene carriage was observed, an effect not observed in the other two treatment groups. Detection of virulence genes, including stx1A, indicated not all E. coli were innocuous commensals. Approximately 150 E. coli collected from 6 participants were selected for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a subset used for characterisation of plasmids and Phenotypic Microarrays (PM). PFGE indicated some E. coli clones had persisted in volunteers for up to 1 year, while others were transient. Although there were no unique characteristics associated with plasmids from persistent or transient isolates, PM assays showed transient isolates had greater adaptability to a range of antiseptic biocides and tetracycline; characteristics which were lost in some, but not all persistent isolates. This study indicates healthy individuals carry bacteria harbouring resistance to a variety of antibiotics and biocides in their intestinal tract. Antibiotic administration can have a temporary effect of selecting bacteria, showing co-resistance to multiple antibiotics, some of which can persist within the gut for up to 1 year.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00722/fullResistance genesTransientAntibiotic trialpersistentfacultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Miranda eKirchner Muriel eMafura Theresa eHunt Manal eAbuoun Javier eNunez-Garica Yanmin eHu Jan eWeile Anthony eCoates Roderick eCard Muna eAnjum |
spellingShingle |
Miranda eKirchner Muriel eMafura Theresa eHunt Manal eAbuoun Javier eNunez-Garica Yanmin eHu Jan eWeile Anthony eCoates Roderick eCard Muna eAnjum Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. Frontiers in Microbiology Resistance genes Transient Antibiotic trial persistent facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria |
author_facet |
Miranda eKirchner Muriel eMafura Theresa eHunt Manal eAbuoun Javier eNunez-Garica Yanmin eHu Jan eWeile Anthony eCoates Roderick eCard Muna eAnjum |
author_sort |
Miranda eKirchner |
title |
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
title_short |
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
title_full |
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
title_fullStr |
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of Gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
title_sort |
antimicrobial resistance characteristics and fitness of gram negative faecal bacteria from volunteers treated with minocycline or amoxicillin. |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
issn |
1664-302X |
publishDate |
2014-12-01 |
description |
A yearlong study was performed to examine the effect of antibiotic administration on the bacterial gut flora. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the faeces of healthy adult volunteers administered amoxicillin, minocycline or placebo, and changes determined in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene carriage. Seventy percent of the 1039 facultative anaerobic isolates recovered were identified by MALDI-TOF as Escherichia coli. A microarray used to determine virulence and resistance gene carriage demonstrated that AMR genes were widespread in all administration groups, with the most common resistance genes being blaTEM, dfr, strB, tet(A) and tet(B). Following amoxicillin administration, an increase in the proportion of amoxicillin resistant E. coli and a three-fold increase in the levels of blaTEM gene carriage was observed, an effect not observed in the other two treatment groups. Detection of virulence genes, including stx1A, indicated not all E. coli were innocuous commensals. Approximately 150 E. coli collected from 6 participants were selected for pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and a subset used for characterisation of plasmids and Phenotypic Microarrays (PM). PFGE indicated some E. coli clones had persisted in volunteers for up to 1 year, while others were transient. Although there were no unique characteristics associated with plasmids from persistent or transient isolates, PM assays showed transient isolates had greater adaptability to a range of antiseptic biocides and tetracycline; characteristics which were lost in some, but not all persistent isolates. This study indicates healthy individuals carry bacteria harbouring resistance to a variety of antibiotics and biocides in their intestinal tract. Antibiotic administration can have a temporary effect of selecting bacteria, showing co-resistance to multiple antibiotics, some of which can persist within the gut for up to 1 year. |
topic |
Resistance genes Transient Antibiotic trial persistent facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00722/full |
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