An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em>
This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, <em>Prosopis juliflora </em>L.<em>, Prosopis tamarugo</em> L., and <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> L. Transplants of tested speci...
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doaj-99af3a4b3ca945baba56a839793a71012021-02-26T00:04:40ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242021-02-017383810.3390/horticulturae7030038An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em>Naji K. Al-Mefleh0Yahia A. Othman1Maher J. Tadros2Amani Al-Assaf3Samer Talozi4Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanDepartment of Horticulture and Crop Science, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Natural Resources and Environment, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, JordanThis study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, <em>Prosopis juliflora </em>L.<em>, Prosopis tamarugo</em> L., and <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. <em>Escherichia coli</em> found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. <em>Prosopis</em> species (<em>P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck</em> L. and <em>P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck</em> L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to <em>Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck</em> L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/38water managementornamentalsheavy metalslegumesprotein<em>Escherichia coli</em> |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Naji K. Al-Mefleh Yahia A. Othman Maher J. Tadros Amani Al-Assaf Samer Talozi |
spellingShingle |
Naji K. Al-Mefleh Yahia A. Othman Maher J. Tadros Amani Al-Assaf Samer Talozi An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> Horticulturae water management ornamentals heavy metals legumes protein <em>Escherichia coli</em> |
author_facet |
Naji K. Al-Mefleh Yahia A. Othman Maher J. Tadros Amani Al-Assaf Samer Talozi |
author_sort |
Naji K. Al-Mefleh |
title |
An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> |
title_short |
An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> |
title_full |
An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> |
title_fullStr |
An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of <em>Prosopis</em> and <em>Albizia</em> |
title_sort |
assessment of treated greywater reuse in irrigation on growth and protein content of <em>prosopis</em> and <em>albizia</em> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Horticulturae |
issn |
2311-7524 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, <em>Prosopis juliflora </em>L.<em>, Prosopis tamarugo</em> L., and <em>Albizia lebbeck</em> L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. <em>Escherichia coli</em> found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. <em>Prosopis</em> species (<em>P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck</em> L. and <em>P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck</em> L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to <em>Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck</em> L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required. |
topic |
water management ornamentals heavy metals legumes protein <em>Escherichia coli</em> |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/7/3/38 |
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