Isolation of key retinoid signalling and metabolic modules in invertebrates

• Main Authors: Ana André, L. Filipe Castro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-05-01
• Series: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Subjects: Invertebrates; Retinoids; evolution; endocrine disruption; retinoid pathways
• Online Access: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/conf.fmars.2014.02.00095/full

Retinoids are a class of molecules related to vitamin A (Retinol) that are required for regulation of critical chordate ndocrine-mediated process, such as embryonic development, reproduction, and vision. To maintain such physiological process, chordates have a complex mechanism to regulate the spatial and temporal distribution of retinoids that includes metabolic and signalling modules. Initially, retinoid modules were seen as a chordate novelty. However, emerging biochemical and genomic evidences have challenged this view, clearly pointing to a more basal ancestry than previously thought. However, for the majority of non-chordate invertebrate lineages a clearly characterization of the main enzymatic/molecular players is still missing. Despite limited, the available evidence supports the presence of biologically active retinoid pathways in invertebrates. In order to enhance our insights on retinoid biology, evolution, and its putative disruption by environmental chemicals, the isolation and functional characterization of key retinoid metabolic players in marine invertebrates has been carried out.