A three-dimensional image processing program for accurate, rapid, and semi-automated segmentation of neuronal somata with dense neurite outgrowth

• Main Authors: James D. Ross, D. Kacy eCullen, James Patrick Harris, Michelle C. LaPlaca, Stephen P. DeWeerth
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-07-01
• Series: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
• Subjects: confocal; fluorescent microscopy; image processing; segmentation; neural constructs
• Online Access: http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnana.2015.00087/full

Three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis techniques provide a powerful means to rapidly and accurately assess complex morphological and functional interactions between neural cells. Current software-based identification methods of neural cells generally fall into two applications: (1) segmentation of cell nuclei in high-density constructs or (2) tracing of cell neurites in single cell investigations. We have developed novel methodologies to permit the systematic identifica-tion of populations of neuronal somata possessing rich morphological detail and dense neurite arborization throughout thick tissue or 3-D in vitro constructs. The image analysis incorporates several novel automated features for the discrimination of neurites and somata by initially classi-fying features in 2-D and merging these classifications into 3-D objects, the 3-D reconstructions automatically identify and adjust for over and under segmentation errors. Additionally, the plat-form provides for software-assisted error corrections to further minimize error. These features attain very accurate cell boundary identifications to handle a wide range of morphological com-plexities. We validated these tools using confocal z-stacks from thick 3-D neural constructs where neuronal somata had varying degrees of neurite arborization and complexity, achieving an accuracy of ≥ 95%. We demonstrated the robustness of these algorithms in a more complex are-na through the automated segmentation of neural cells in ex vivo brain slices. The novel methods surpass previous research improving the robustness and accuracy by: (1) the ability to process neurites and somata, (2) bidirectional segmentation correction, and (3) validation via software-assisted user input. This 3-D image analysis platform provides valuable tools for the unbiased analysis of neural tissue or tissue surrogates within a 3-D context, appropriate for the study of multi-dimensional cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.