Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice
Radiotherapy side-effects present serious problems in cancer treatment. Melanin, a natural polymer with low toxicity, is considered as a potential radio-protector; however, its application as an agent against irradiation during cancer treatment has still received little attention. In this study, nan...
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doaj-9b652a8902814c31b183ac89a29289212020-11-25T00:12:12ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442019-05-011210172510.3390/ma12101725ma12101725Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing MiceNguyen Thi Le Na0Sai Duc Loc1Nguyen Le Minh Tri2Nguyen Thi Bich Loan3Ho Anh Son4Nguyen Linh Toan5Ha Phuong Thu6Hoang Thi My Nhung7Nguyen Lai Thanh8Nguyen Thi Van Anh9Nguyen Dinh Thang10Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hoc vien Quan Y, Hanoi 100000, VietnamDepartment of Pathophysiology, Hoc vien Quan Y, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInstitute of Material Sciences, Vietnam Academic of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamNational Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamFaculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, VietnamRadiotherapy side-effects present serious problems in cancer treatment. Melanin, a natural polymer with low toxicity, is considered as a potential radio-protector; however, its application as an agent against irradiation during cancer treatment has still received little attention. In this study, nanomelanin particles were prepared, characterized and applied in protecting the spleens of tumor-bearing mice irradiated with X-rays. These nanoparticles had sizes varying in the range of 80−200 nm and contained several important functional groups such as carboxyl (-COO), carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the surfaces. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with nanomelanin at a concentration of 40 mg/kg before irradiating with a single dose of 6.0 Gray of X-ray at a high dose rate (1.0 Gray/min). Impressively, X-ray caused mild splenic fibrosis in 40% of nanomelanin-protected mice, whereas severe fibrosis was observed in 100% of mice treated with X-ray alone. Treatment with nanomelanin also partly rescued the volume and weight of mouse spleens from irradiation through promoting the transcription levels of splenic Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). More interestingly, splenic T cell and dendritic cell populations were 1.91 and 1.64-fold higher in nanomelanin-treated mice than those in mice which received X-ray alone. Consistently, the percentage of lymphocytes was also significantly greater in blood from nanomelanin-treated mice. In addition, nanomelanin might indirectly induce apoptosis in tumor tissues via activation of TNF-α, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes. In summary, our results demonstrate that nanomelanin protects spleens from X-ray irradiation and consequently enhances immunoactivity in tumor-bearing mice; therefore, we present nanomelanin as a potential protector against damage from radiotherapy in cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/10/1725nanomelaninradiation protectorX-rayspleen fibrosisimmunoactivitycancer treatment |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nguyen Thi Le Na Sai Duc Loc Nguyen Le Minh Tri Nguyen Thi Bich Loan Ho Anh Son Nguyen Linh Toan Ha Phuong Thu Hoang Thi My Nhung Nguyen Lai Thanh Nguyen Thi Van Anh Nguyen Dinh Thang |
spellingShingle |
Nguyen Thi Le Na Sai Duc Loc Nguyen Le Minh Tri Nguyen Thi Bich Loan Ho Anh Son Nguyen Linh Toan Ha Phuong Thu Hoang Thi My Nhung Nguyen Lai Thanh Nguyen Thi Van Anh Nguyen Dinh Thang Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice Materials nanomelanin radiation protector X-ray spleen fibrosis immunoactivity cancer treatment |
author_facet |
Nguyen Thi Le Na Sai Duc Loc Nguyen Le Minh Tri Nguyen Thi Bich Loan Ho Anh Son Nguyen Linh Toan Ha Phuong Thu Hoang Thi My Nhung Nguyen Lai Thanh Nguyen Thi Van Anh Nguyen Dinh Thang |
author_sort |
Nguyen Thi Le Na |
title |
Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice |
title_short |
Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice |
title_full |
Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice |
title_fullStr |
Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nanomelanin Potentially Protects the Spleen from Radiotherapy-Associated Damage and Enhances Immunoactivity in Tumor-Bearing Mice |
title_sort |
nanomelanin potentially protects the spleen from radiotherapy-associated damage and enhances immunoactivity in tumor-bearing mice |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Radiotherapy side-effects present serious problems in cancer treatment. Melanin, a natural polymer with low toxicity, is considered as a potential radio-protector; however, its application as an agent against irradiation during cancer treatment has still received little attention. In this study, nanomelanin particles were prepared, characterized and applied in protecting the spleens of tumor-bearing mice irradiated with X-rays. These nanoparticles had sizes varying in the range of 80−200 nm and contained several important functional groups such as carboxyl (-COO), carbonyl (-C=O) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the surfaces. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with nanomelanin at a concentration of 40 mg/kg before irradiating with a single dose of 6.0 Gray of X-ray at a high dose rate (1.0 Gray/min). Impressively, X-ray caused mild splenic fibrosis in 40% of nanomelanin-protected mice, whereas severe fibrosis was observed in 100% of mice treated with X-ray alone. Treatment with nanomelanin also partly rescued the volume and weight of mouse spleens from irradiation through promoting the transcription levels of splenic Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α). More interestingly, splenic T cell and dendritic cell populations were 1.91 and 1.64-fold higher in nanomelanin-treated mice than those in mice which received X-ray alone. Consistently, the percentage of lymphocytes was also significantly greater in blood from nanomelanin-treated mice. In addition, nanomelanin might indirectly induce apoptosis in tumor tissues via activation of TNF-α, Bax, and Caspase-3 genes. In summary, our results demonstrate that nanomelanin protects spleens from X-ray irradiation and consequently enhances immunoactivity in tumor-bearing mice; therefore, we present nanomelanin as a potential protector against damage from radiotherapy in cancer treatment. |
topic |
nanomelanin radiation protector X-ray spleen fibrosis immunoactivity cancer treatment |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/10/1725 |
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