Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy

Disruption of the dynamic properties of mitochondria (fission, fusion, transport, degradation, and biogenesis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin, the product of gene PARK2 whose mutation causes familial PD, has bee...

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Main Authors: Victor S. Van Laar, Nikita Roy, Annie Liu, Swati Rajprohat, Beth Arnold, April A. Dukes, Cory D. Holbein, Sarah B. Berman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2015-02-01
Series:Neurobiology of Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996114003611
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author Victor S. Van Laar
Nikita Roy
Annie Liu
Swati Rajprohat
Beth Arnold
April A. Dukes
Cory D. Holbein
Sarah B. Berman
spellingShingle Victor S. Van Laar
Nikita Roy
Annie Liu
Swati Rajprohat
Beth Arnold
April A. Dukes
Cory D. Holbein
Sarah B. Berman
Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
Neurobiology of Disease
Parkinson's disease
Parkin
Mitochondria
Mitophagy
Endoplasmic reticulum
Glutamate
author_facet Victor S. Van Laar
Nikita Roy
Annie Liu
Swati Rajprohat
Beth Arnold
April A. Dukes
Cory D. Holbein
Sarah B. Berman
author_sort Victor S. Van Laar
title Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
title_short Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
title_full Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
title_fullStr Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
title_full_unstemmed Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
title_sort glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of parkin, and, in the presence of n-acetyl cysteine, mitophagy
publisher Elsevier
series Neurobiology of Disease
issn 1095-953X
publishDate 2015-02-01
description Disruption of the dynamic properties of mitochondria (fission, fusion, transport, degradation, and biogenesis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin, the product of gene PARK2 whose mutation causes familial PD, has been linked to mitochondrial quality control via its role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial degradation via mitophagy. Models using mitochondrial stressors in numerous cell types have elucidated a PINK1-dependent pathway whereby Parkin accumulates on damaged mitochondria and targets them for mitophagy. However, the role Parkin plays in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis specifically in neurons has been less clear. We examined whether a stressor linked to neurodegeneration, glutamate excitotoxicity, elicits Parkin–mitochondrial translocation and mitophagy in neurons. We found that brief, acute exposure to glutamate causes Parkin translocation to mitochondria in neurons, in a calcium- and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent manner. In addition, we found that Parkin accumulates on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial/ER junctions following excitotoxicity, supporting a role for Parkin in mitochondrial–ER crosstalk in mitochondrial homeostasis. Despite significant Parkin–mitochondria translocation, however, we did not observe mitophagy under these conditions. To further investigate, we examined the role of glutamate-induced oxidative stress in Parkin–mitochondria accumulation. Unexpectedly, we found that glutamate-induced accumulation of Parkin on mitochondria was promoted by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and that co-treatment with NAC facilitated Parkin-associated mitophagy. These results suggest the possibility that mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative damage may have distinct pathways associated with Parkin function in neurons, which may be critical in understanding the role of Parkin in neurodegeneration.
topic Parkinson's disease
Parkin
Mitochondria
Mitophagy
Endoplasmic reticulum
Glutamate
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996114003611
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spelling doaj-9b88fcf8c72b4a8982a392bb6fec14092021-03-22T12:42:14ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2015-02-0174180193Glutamate excitotoxicity in neurons triggers mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum accumulation of Parkin, and, in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine, mitophagyVictor S. Van Laar0Nikita Roy1Annie Liu2Swati Rajprohat3Beth Arnold4April A. Dukes5Cory D. Holbein6Sarah B. Berman7Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAPittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAPittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USAPittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 7037 Biomedical Science Tower 3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Fax: +1 412 648 9766.Disruption of the dynamic properties of mitochondria (fission, fusion, transport, degradation, and biogenesis) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin, the product of gene PARK2 whose mutation causes familial PD, has been linked to mitochondrial quality control via its role in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial degradation via mitophagy. Models using mitochondrial stressors in numerous cell types have elucidated a PINK1-dependent pathway whereby Parkin accumulates on damaged mitochondria and targets them for mitophagy. However, the role Parkin plays in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis specifically in neurons has been less clear. We examined whether a stressor linked to neurodegeneration, glutamate excitotoxicity, elicits Parkin–mitochondrial translocation and mitophagy in neurons. We found that brief, acute exposure to glutamate causes Parkin translocation to mitochondria in neurons, in a calcium- and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-dependent manner. In addition, we found that Parkin accumulates on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial/ER junctions following excitotoxicity, supporting a role for Parkin in mitochondrial–ER crosstalk in mitochondrial homeostasis. Despite significant Parkin–mitochondria translocation, however, we did not observe mitophagy under these conditions. To further investigate, we examined the role of glutamate-induced oxidative stress in Parkin–mitochondria accumulation. Unexpectedly, we found that glutamate-induced accumulation of Parkin on mitochondria was promoted by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and that co-treatment with NAC facilitated Parkin-associated mitophagy. These results suggest the possibility that mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative damage may have distinct pathways associated with Parkin function in neurons, which may be critical in understanding the role of Parkin in neurodegeneration.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996114003611Parkinson's diseaseParkinMitochondriaMitophagyEndoplasmic reticulumGlutamate