Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease
A family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroi...
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doaj-9becff96601d4c6ab645bec83eea1aef2021-06-30T23:09:41ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-06-01963863810.3390/biomedicines9060638Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s DiseaseInés López-Cuenca0Rosa de Hoz1Celia Alcántara-Rey2Elena Salobrar-García3Lorena Elvira-Hurtado4José A. Fernández-Albarral5Ana Barabash6Federico Ramírez-Toraño7Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas8Juan J. Salazar9Ana I. Ramírez10José M. Ramírez11Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainEndocrinology and Nutrition Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, 28233 Madrid, SpainLaboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, 28233 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, SpainA family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using OCT-angiography and compared the results with ApoE gene expression, AD FH+, and the presence or absence of hard drusen (HD) in 184 cognitively healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness was statistically significantly different in the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD+) group compared with (i) both the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD−) and the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD+) groups in the superior and inferior points at 1500 μm, and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group in the superior point at 1500 μm. There were statistically significant differences in the superficial FAZ between the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group and (i) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD−) group and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD−) group. In conclusion, ocular vascular changes are not yet evident in participants with a genetic risk of developing AD.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/6/638Alzheimer’sfamily historyApoE ɛ4AMDchoroidfoveal avascular zone |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Inés López-Cuenca Rosa de Hoz Celia Alcántara-Rey Elena Salobrar-García Lorena Elvira-Hurtado José A. Fernández-Albarral Ana Barabash Federico Ramírez-Toraño Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas Juan J. Salazar Ana I. Ramírez José M. Ramírez |
spellingShingle |
Inés López-Cuenca Rosa de Hoz Celia Alcántara-Rey Elena Salobrar-García Lorena Elvira-Hurtado José A. Fernández-Albarral Ana Barabash Federico Ramírez-Toraño Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas Juan J. Salazar Ana I. Ramírez José M. Ramírez Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease Biomedicines Alzheimer’s family history ApoE ɛ4 AMD choroid foveal avascular zone |
author_facet |
Inés López-Cuenca Rosa de Hoz Celia Alcántara-Rey Elena Salobrar-García Lorena Elvira-Hurtado José A. Fernández-Albarral Ana Barabash Federico Ramírez-Toraño Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas Juan J. Salazar Ana I. Ramírez José M. Ramírez |
author_sort |
Inés López-Cuenca |
title |
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_short |
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full |
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_fullStr |
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Foveal Avascular Zone and Choroidal Thickness Are Decreased in Subjects with Hard Drusen and without High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease |
title_sort |
foveal avascular zone and choroidal thickness are decreased in subjects with hard drusen and without high genetic risk of developing alzheimer’s disease |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Biomedicines |
issn |
2227-9059 |
publishDate |
2021-06-01 |
description |
A family history (FH+) of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ɛ4 allele of the ApoE gene are the main genetic risk factors for developing AD, whereas ɛ4 allele plays a protective role in age-related macular degeneration. Ocular vascular changes have been reported in both pathologies. We analyzed the choroidal thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using OCT-angiography and compared the results with ApoE gene expression, AD FH+, and the presence or absence of hard drusen (HD) in 184 cognitively healthy subjects. Choroidal thickness was statistically significantly different in the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD+) group compared with (i) both the (FH−, ɛ4−, HD−) and the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD+) groups in the superior and inferior points at 1500 μm, and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group in the superior point at 1500 μm. There were statistically significant differences in the superficial FAZ between the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD+) group and (i) the (FH+, ɛ4−, HD−) group and (ii) the (FH+, ɛ4+, HD−) group. In conclusion, ocular vascular changes are not yet evident in participants with a genetic risk of developing AD. |
topic |
Alzheimer’s family history ApoE ɛ4 AMD choroid foveal avascular zone |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/6/638 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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