The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as l...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
SAGE Publishing
2020-09-01
|
Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820941745 |
id |
doaj-9c0d08ff62e842eab537c4f2800547a7 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-9c0d08ff62e842eab537c4f2800547a72020-11-25T02:54:31ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology1756-28482020-09-011310.1177/1756284820941745The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseVeera HouttuUlrika BoulundAldo GrefhorstMaarten R. SoetersSara-Joan Pinto-SietsmaMax NieuwdorpAdriaan G. HolleboomIn recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820941745 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Veera Houttu Ulrika Boulund Aldo Grefhorst Maarten R. Soeters Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma Max Nieuwdorp Adriaan G. Holleboom |
spellingShingle |
Veera Houttu Ulrika Boulund Aldo Grefhorst Maarten R. Soeters Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma Max Nieuwdorp Adriaan G. Holleboom The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology |
author_facet |
Veera Houttu Ulrika Boulund Aldo Grefhorst Maarten R. Soeters Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma Max Nieuwdorp Adriaan G. Holleboom |
author_sort |
Veera Houttu |
title |
The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
title_short |
The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
title_full |
The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
title_fullStr |
The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
title_sort |
role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
publisher |
SAGE Publishing |
series |
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology |
issn |
1756-2848 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1756284820941745 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT veerahouttu theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT ulrikaboulund theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT aldogrefhorst theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT maartenrsoeters theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT sarajoanpintosietsma theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT maxnieuwdorp theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT adriaangholleboom theroleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT veerahouttu roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT ulrikaboulund roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT aldogrefhorst roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT maartenrsoeters roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT sarajoanpintosietsma roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT maxnieuwdorp roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease AT adriaangholleboom roleofthegutmicrobiomeandexerciseinnonalcoholicfattyliverdisease |
_version_ |
1724720506096058368 |