The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia,...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-03-01
|
Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/3/778 |
id |
doaj-9d09279d3bfd45d0aca2ac49976c999a |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-9d09279d3bfd45d0aca2ac49976c999a2020-11-25T02:27:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672018-03-0119377810.3390/ijms19030778ijms19030778The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary FibrosisJessica Lawrence0Richard Nho1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAThe phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia, immune-mediated diseases, and fibroproliferative diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The mTOR kinase is frequently referred to as the master regulator of this pathway. Alterations in mTOR signaling are closely associated with dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell growth and survival, leading to the development of lung fibrosis. Inhibitors of mTOR have been widely studied in cancer therapy, as they may sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. Studies also suggest that mTOR inhibitors are promising modulators of fibroproliferative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Therefore, mTOR represents an attractive and unique therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the pathological role of mTOR kinase in pulmonary fibrosis and examine how mTOR inhibitors may mitigate fibrotic progression.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/3/778fibrosismammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF)phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)protein kinase B (AKT) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jessica Lawrence Richard Nho |
spellingShingle |
Jessica Lawrence Richard Nho The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis International Journal of Molecular Sciences fibrosis mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) protein kinase B (AKT) |
author_facet |
Jessica Lawrence Richard Nho |
author_sort |
Jessica Lawrence |
title |
The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis |
title_short |
The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis |
title_full |
The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis |
title_fullStr |
The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis |
title_sort |
role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) in pulmonary fibrosis |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2018-03-01 |
description |
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent pathway is one of the most integral pathways linked to cell metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This pathway is dysregulated in a variety of diseases, including neoplasia, immune-mediated diseases, and fibroproliferative diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. The mTOR kinase is frequently referred to as the master regulator of this pathway. Alterations in mTOR signaling are closely associated with dysregulation of autophagy, inflammation, and cell growth and survival, leading to the development of lung fibrosis. Inhibitors of mTOR have been widely studied in cancer therapy, as they may sensitize cancer cells to radiation therapy. Studies also suggest that mTOR inhibitors are promising modulators of fibroproliferative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Therefore, mTOR represents an attractive and unique therapeutic target in pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the pathological role of mTOR kinase in pulmonary fibrosis and examine how mTOR inhibitors may mitigate fibrotic progression. |
topic |
fibrosis mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) protein kinase B (AKT) |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/3/778 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jessicalawrence theroleofthemammaliantargetofrapamycinmtorinpulmonaryfibrosis AT richardnho theroleofthemammaliantargetofrapamycinmtorinpulmonaryfibrosis AT jessicalawrence roleofthemammaliantargetofrapamycinmtorinpulmonaryfibrosis AT richardnho roleofthemammaliantargetofrapamycinmtorinpulmonaryfibrosis |
_version_ |
1724842511659171840 |