Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions

Using transport theory to model central Au + Au collisions in the energy region of 20–110 MeV/u, at impact parameters b≤5 fm, we predict a measurable impact of the spinodal instability as the collective expansion sets in with energy. Two transport models are employed, the pBUU model, solving a Boltz...

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Main Authors:	Pawel Danielewicz, Hao Lin, Jirina R. Stone, Yoritaka Iwata
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier 2020-12-01
Series:	Physics Letters B
Subjects:	Heavy-ion collisions Collective flow Liquid-gas phase transition Spinodal instability Transport theory
Online Access:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269320307607

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record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-9da6857a7a1f4528b7b53fa55e8124fd2020-12-09T04:14:40ZengElsevierPhysics Letters B0370-26932020-12-01811135957Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisionsPawel Danielewicz0Hao Lin1Jirina R. Stone2Yoritaka Iwata3National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Corresponding author.National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Physics (Astrophysics), University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USAFaculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Osaka, 564-8680, JapanUsing transport theory to model central Au + Au collisions in the energy region of 20–110 MeV/u, at impact parameters b≤5 fm, we predict a measurable impact of the spinodal instability as the collective expansion sets in with energy. Two transport models are employed, the pBUU model, solving a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation, and the Brownian Motion (BM) model, solving a set of Langevin equations to describe the motion of individual nucleons in a noisy nuclear medium. We find without ambiguity, for the first time, that a combination of delayed equilibration, onset of collective expansion and the spinodal instability produces a pair of transient ring structures, made of the projectile and target remnants, with spectator nucleons predicted to end in the entities reminiscent of stones in jewelry, on the rings. The ring structures, calculated in the configuration space and mapped onto the velocity space, could be detected in experimental collective flow data.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269320307607Heavy-ion collisionsCollective flowLiquid-gas phase transitionSpinodal instabilityTransport theory
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Pawel Danielewicz Hao Lin Jirina R. Stone Yoritaka Iwata
spellingShingle	Pawel Danielewicz Hao Lin Jirina R. Stone Yoritaka Iwata Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions Physics Letters B Heavy-ion collisions Collective flow Liquid-gas phase transition Spinodal instability Transport theory
author_facet	Pawel Danielewicz Hao Lin Jirina R. Stone Yoritaka Iwata
author_sort	Pawel Danielewicz
title	Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
title_short	Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
title_full	Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
title_fullStr	Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
title_full_unstemmed	Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
title_sort	spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions
publisher	Elsevier
series	Physics Letters B
issn	0370-2693
publishDate	2020-12-01
description	Using transport theory to model central Au + Au collisions in the energy region of 20–110 MeV/u, at impact parameters b≤5 fm, we predict a measurable impact of the spinodal instability as the collective expansion sets in with energy. Two transport models are employed, the pBUU model, solving a Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation, and the Brownian Motion (BM) model, solving a set of Langevin equations to describe the motion of individual nucleons in a noisy nuclear medium. We find without ambiguity, for the first time, that a combination of delayed equilibration, onset of collective expansion and the spinodal instability produces a pair of transient ring structures, made of the projectile and target remnants, with spectator nucleons predicted to end in the entities reminiscent of stones in jewelry, on the rings. The ring structures, calculated in the configuration space and mapped onto the velocity space, could be detected in experimental collective flow data.
topic	Heavy-ion collisions Collective flow Liquid-gas phase transition Spinodal instability Transport theory
url	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370269320307607
work_keys_str_mv	AT paweldanielewicz spinodalinstabilityattheonsetofcollectiveexpansioninnuclearcollisions AT haolin spinodalinstabilityattheonsetofcollectiveexpansioninnuclearcollisions AT jirinarstone spinodalinstabilityattheonsetofcollectiveexpansioninnuclearcollisions AT yoritakaiwata spinodalinstabilityattheonsetofcollectiveexpansioninnuclearcollisions
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Spinodal instability at the onset of collective expansion in nuclear collisions

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