Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China
Fine-particulate pollution is a major public health concern in China. Accurate assessment of the population exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> requires high-resolution pollution and population information. This paper assesses China’s potential population exposure to PM<sub>2.5&l...
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doaj-9e32c4d74e1748fb88beb1b815f85e232020-11-25T00:45:51ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012018-11-011512268310.3390/ijerph15122683ijerph15122683Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in ChinaYing Long0Jianghao Wang1Kang Wu2Junjie Zhang3School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Megaregions Sustainable Development Modelling and School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, ChinaEnvironmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, ChinaFine-particulate pollution is a major public health concern in China. Accurate assessment of the population exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> requires high-resolution pollution and population information. This paper assesses China’s potential population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, maps its spatiotemporal variability, and simulates the effects of the recent air pollution control policy. We relate satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals to ground-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> observations. We employ block cokriging (BCK) to improve the spatial interpolation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> distribution. We use the subdistrict level population data to estimate and map the potential population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in China at the subdistrict level, the smallest administrative unit with public demographic information. During 8 April 2013 and 7 April 2014, China’s population-weighted annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration was nearly 7 times the annual average level suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). About 1322 million people, or 98.6% of the total population, were exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> at levels above WHO’s daily guideline for longer than half a year. If China can achieve its Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution targets by 2017, the population exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> above China’s daily standard for longer than half a year will be reduced by 85%.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2683PM<sub>2.5</sub>population exposureMODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) AODChina |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ying Long Jianghao Wang Kang Wu Junjie Zhang |
spellingShingle |
Ying Long Jianghao Wang Kang Wu Junjie Zhang Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health PM<sub>2.5</sub> population exposure MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) AOD China |
author_facet |
Ying Long Jianghao Wang Kang Wu Junjie Zhang |
author_sort |
Ying Long |
title |
Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China |
title_short |
Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China |
title_full |
Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China |
title_fullStr |
Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Population Exposure to Ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> at the Subdistrict Level in China |
title_sort |
population exposure to ambient pm<sub>2.5</sub> at the subdistrict level in china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
description |
Fine-particulate pollution is a major public health concern in China. Accurate assessment of the population exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> requires high-resolution pollution and population information. This paper assesses China’s potential population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, maps its spatiotemporal variability, and simulates the effects of the recent air pollution control policy. We relate satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals to ground-based PM<sub>2.5</sub> observations. We employ block cokriging (BCK) to improve the spatial interpolation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> distribution. We use the subdistrict level population data to estimate and map the potential population exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in China at the subdistrict level, the smallest administrative unit with public demographic information. During 8 April 2013 and 7 April 2014, China’s population-weighted annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration was nearly 7 times the annual average level suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). About 1322 million people, or 98.6% of the total population, were exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> at levels above WHO’s daily guideline for longer than half a year. If China can achieve its Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution targets by 2017, the population exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> above China’s daily standard for longer than half a year will be reduced by 85%. |
topic |
PM<sub>2.5</sub> population exposure MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) AOD China |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/12/2683 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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