Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber
The effect of timber length on time-of-flight acoustic longitudinal measurements was investigated on the structural timber of four Spanish species: radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), laricio pine (Pinus nigra Arn.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Time-of...
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North Carolina State University
2016-02-01
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doaj-9ec397bb8ebd447bb98109ec76d2ac732020-11-24T22:35:08ZengNorth Carolina State UniversityBioResources1930-21261930-21262016-02-011123303331710.15376/biores.11.2.3303-3317Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural TimberDaniel F. Llana0Guillermo Iñiguez-Gonzalez1Francisco Arriaga2Xiping Wang3Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; SpainUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid; SpainUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid; SpainU.S. Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA; United StatesThe effect of timber length on time-of-flight acoustic longitudinal measurements was investigated on the structural timber of four Spanish species: radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), laricio pine (Pinus nigra Arn.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Time-of-flight longitudinal measurements were conducted on 120 specimens of dimensions 90 × 140 mm using three commercially available acoustic instruments (Sylvatest Duo, USLab, and Microsecond Timer). Time-of-flight data were initially obtained from the full-length (4 m) specimens, and then from the specimens cut to 3, 2, and 1 meter in length by successively cutting off 0.5 m from each end. The acoustic longitudinal velocity of the timber specimens of different lengths was also measured using a resonance-based acoustic method. The apparent acoustic longitudinal velocity for all species increased linearly as the timber length decreased from 4 to 1 meter. Acoustic velocity determined from time-of-flight data was significantly higher than the acoustic velocity determined using the resonance method, indicating systematic measurement errors associated with the time-of-flight instruments. Empirical models were developed for the relationships between time-of-flight measurements on timber specimens and timber lengths in the range of 1 to 4 m. Finally, a procedure was proposed to correct the time-of-flight data.http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_2_3303_Llana_Time_Flight_Adjustment_Procedure_Acoustic_MeasurementSawn timberLength effectTime-of-flightUltrasonic waveVibration analysisWave velocity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Daniel F. Llana Guillermo Iñiguez-Gonzalez Francisco Arriaga Xiping Wang |
spellingShingle |
Daniel F. Llana Guillermo Iñiguez-Gonzalez Francisco Arriaga Xiping Wang Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber BioResources Sawn timber Length effect Time-of-flight Ultrasonic wave Vibration analysis Wave velocity |
author_facet |
Daniel F. Llana Guillermo Iñiguez-Gonzalez Francisco Arriaga Xiping Wang |
author_sort |
Daniel F. Llana |
title |
Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber |
title_short |
Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber |
title_full |
Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber |
title_fullStr |
Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber |
title_full_unstemmed |
Time-of-Flight Adjustment Procedure for Acoustic Measurements in Structural Timber |
title_sort |
time-of-flight adjustment procedure for acoustic measurements in structural timber |
publisher |
North Carolina State University |
series |
BioResources |
issn |
1930-2126 1930-2126 |
publishDate |
2016-02-01 |
description |
The effect of timber length on time-of-flight acoustic longitudinal measurements was investigated on the structural timber of four Spanish species: radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), laricio pine (Pinus nigra Arn.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.). Time-of-flight longitudinal measurements were conducted on 120 specimens of dimensions 90 × 140 mm using three commercially available acoustic instruments (Sylvatest Duo, USLab, and Microsecond Timer). Time-of-flight data were initially obtained from the full-length (4 m) specimens, and then from the specimens cut to 3, 2, and 1 meter in length by successively cutting off 0.5 m from each end. The acoustic longitudinal velocity of the timber specimens of different lengths was also measured using a resonance-based acoustic method. The apparent acoustic longitudinal velocity for all species increased linearly as the timber length decreased from 4 to 1 meter. Acoustic velocity determined from time-of-flight data was significantly higher than the acoustic velocity determined using the resonance method, indicating systematic measurement errors associated with the time-of-flight instruments. Empirical models were developed for the relationships between time-of-flight measurements on timber specimens and timber lengths in the range of 1 to 4 m. Finally, a procedure was proposed to correct the time-of-flight data. |
topic |
Sawn timber Length effect Time-of-flight Ultrasonic wave Vibration analysis Wave velocity |
url |
http://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/view/BioRes_11_2_3303_Llana_Time_Flight_Adjustment_Procedure_Acoustic_Measurement |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT danielfllana timeofflightadjustmentprocedureforacousticmeasurementsinstructuraltimber AT guillermoiniguezgonzalez timeofflightadjustmentprocedureforacousticmeasurementsinstructuraltimber AT franciscoarriaga timeofflightadjustmentprocedureforacousticmeasurementsinstructuraltimber AT xipingwang timeofflightadjustmentprocedureforacousticmeasurementsinstructuraltimber |
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