Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous
The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP) was performed using PEG-TTC as a macro RAFT agent. PEG-TTC (M<sub>W</sub> 2000, 4000) was synthesized by the esterification of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl et...
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doaj-9f31804c777c436a9ef8a9b207d175672020-11-25T03:26:25ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-05-01121244124410.3390/polym12061244Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing PhosphorousTaeyoon Kim0Joo-Hyun Song1Jong-Ho Back2Bongkuk Seo3Choong-Sun Lim4Hyun-Jong Paik5Wonjoo Lee6Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaCenter for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaCenter for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaCenter for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaCenter for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, KoreaCenter for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44412, Republic of KoreaThe reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP) was performed using PEG-TTC as a macro RAFT agent. PEG-TTC (M<sub>W</sub> 2000, 4000) was synthesized by the esterification of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether with a carboxylic-terminated RAFT agent, composed a hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a hydrophobic dodecyl chain. The RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP was well–controlled with a narrow molecular size distribution. Dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to examine the PEG-b-PDVBP submicron particles, and the length of the PEG chain (hydrophilic block) was found to affect the particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution. The submicron particle size increased with increasing degree of polymerization (35, 65, and 130), and precipitation was observed at a high degree of polymerization (DP) using low molecular weight PEG-TTC (DP 130, A3). The flame retardant properties of the PEG-b-PDVBP were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro cone calorimeter (MCC). In the combustion process, the residue of PEG-b-PDEVBP were above 500 °C was observed (A1 ~ B3, 27 ~ 38%), and flame retardant effect of PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles/PVA composite were confirmed by increasing range of temperature and decreasing total heat release with increasing contents of PEG-b-PDEVBP. The PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles can provide flame retardant properties to aqueous, dispersion and emulsion formed organic/polymer products.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/6/1244PhosphorusFlame retardantRAFTEmulsion PolymerizationSurfactant-free |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Taeyoon Kim Joo-Hyun Song Jong-Ho Back Bongkuk Seo Choong-Sun Lim Hyun-Jong Paik Wonjoo Lee |
spellingShingle |
Taeyoon Kim Joo-Hyun Song Jong-Ho Back Bongkuk Seo Choong-Sun Lim Hyun-Jong Paik Wonjoo Lee Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous Polymers Phosphorus Flame retardant RAFT Emulsion Polymerization Surfactant-free |
author_facet |
Taeyoon Kim Joo-Hyun Song Jong-Ho Back Bongkuk Seo Choong-Sun Lim Hyun-Jong Paik Wonjoo Lee |
author_sort |
Taeyoon Kim |
title |
Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous |
title_short |
Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous |
title_full |
Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous |
title_fullStr |
Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flame Retardant Submicron Particles via Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Phosphorous |
title_sort |
flame retardant submicron particles via surfactant-free raft emulsion polymerization of styrene derivatives containing phosphorous |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2020-05-01 |
description |
The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of diethyl-(4-vinylbenzyl) phosphate (DEVBP) was performed using PEG-TTC as a macro RAFT agent. PEG-TTC (M<sub>W</sub> 2000, 4000) was synthesized by the esterification of poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether with a carboxylic-terminated RAFT agent, composed a hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a hydrophobic dodecyl chain. The RAFT emulsion polymerization of DEVBP was well–controlled with a narrow molecular size distribution. Dynamic light scattering and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to examine the PEG-b-PDVBP submicron particles, and the length of the PEG chain (hydrophilic block) was found to affect the particle size distribution and molecular weight distribution. The submicron particle size increased with increasing degree of polymerization (35, 65, and 130), and precipitation was observed at a high degree of polymerization (DP) using low molecular weight PEG-TTC (DP 130, A3). The flame retardant properties of the PEG-b-PDVBP were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and micro cone calorimeter (MCC). In the combustion process, the residue of PEG-b-PDEVBP were above 500 °C was observed (A1 ~ B3, 27 ~ 38%), and flame retardant effect of PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles/PVA composite were confirmed by increasing range of temperature and decreasing total heat release with increasing contents of PEG-b-PDEVBP. The PEG-b-PDEVBP submicron particles can provide flame retardant properties to aqueous, dispersion and emulsion formed organic/polymer products. |
topic |
Phosphorus Flame retardant RAFT Emulsion Polymerization Surfactant-free |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/6/1244 |
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