Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016)
Abstract Background Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating transboundary viral disease of cattle which causes significant loss in production. Although this disease has been reported in Uganda and throughout East Africa, there is almost no information about its epidemiology, spatial or spatio-temp...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2018-06-01
|
Series: | BMC Veterinary Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1503-3 |
id |
doaj-9f69d501a0b8438783f0a21e4f91a0c7 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-9f69d501a0b8438783f0a21e4f91a0c72020-11-25T02:12:18ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482018-06-0114111210.1186/s12917-018-1503-3Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016)Sylvester Ochwo0Kimberly VanderWaal1Anna Munsey2Christian Ndekezi3Robert Mwebe4Anna Rose Ademun Okurut5Noelina Nantima6Frank Norbert Mwiine7College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityMinistry of Agriculture Animal Industry & Fisheries, Berkley LnMinistry of Agriculture Animal Industry & Fisheries, Berkley LnMinistry of Agriculture Animal Industry & Fisheries, Berkley LnCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal resources and Biosecurity, Makerere UniversityAbstract Background Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating transboundary viral disease of cattle which causes significant loss in production. Although this disease has been reported in Uganda and throughout East Africa, there is almost no information about its epidemiology, spatial or spatio-temporal distribution. We carried out a retrospective study on the epidemiology of LSD in Uganda between the years 2002 and 2016, using data on reported outbreaks collected monthly by the central government veterinary administration. Descriptive statistics were computed on frequency of outbreaks, number of cases, vaccinations and deaths. We evaluated differences in the number of reported outbreaks across different regions (agro-ecological zones), districts, months and years. Spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistics were used to identify possible epidemiological clusters of LSD outbreaks. Results A total of 1161 outbreaks and 319,355 cases of LSD were reported from 55 out of 56 districts of Uganda. There was a significant difference in incidence between years (P = 0.007) and across different regions. However, there was no significant difference in the number of outbreaks per month (P = 0.443). The Central region reported the highest number of outbreaks (n = 418, 36%) followed by Eastern (n = 372, 32%), Southwestern (n = 140, 12%), Northern (n = 131, 11%), Northeastern (n = 37, 3%), Western (n = 41, 4%) and Northwestern (n = 22, 2%) regions. Several endemic hotspots for the circulation of LSD were identified in the Central and Eastern regions using spatial cluster analyses. Outbreaks in endemic hotspots were less seasonal and had strikingly lower mortality and case-fatality rates than the other regions, suggesting an underlying difference in the epidemiology and impact of LSD in these different zones. Conclusion Lumpy Skin disease is endemic in Uganda, with outbreaks occurring annually in all regions of the country. We identified potential spatial hotspots for LSD outbreaks, underlining the need for risk-based surveillance to establish the actual disease prevalence and risk factors for disease maintenance. Space-time analysis revealed that sporadic LSD outbreaks tend to occur both within and outside of endemic areas. The findings from this study will be used as a baseline for further epidemiological studies for the development of sustainable programmes towards the control of LSD in Uganda.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1503-3Lumpy skin diseaseEpidemiologyAgro-ecological zonesSpatio-temporal epidemiologyUganda |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sylvester Ochwo Kimberly VanderWaal Anna Munsey Christian Ndekezi Robert Mwebe Anna Rose Ademun Okurut Noelina Nantima Frank Norbert Mwiine |
spellingShingle |
Sylvester Ochwo Kimberly VanderWaal Anna Munsey Christian Ndekezi Robert Mwebe Anna Rose Ademun Okurut Noelina Nantima Frank Norbert Mwiine Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) BMC Veterinary Research Lumpy skin disease Epidemiology Agro-ecological zones Spatio-temporal epidemiology Uganda |
author_facet |
Sylvester Ochwo Kimberly VanderWaal Anna Munsey Christian Ndekezi Robert Mwebe Anna Rose Ademun Okurut Noelina Nantima Frank Norbert Mwiine |
author_sort |
Sylvester Ochwo |
title |
Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) |
title_short |
Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) |
title_full |
Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) |
title_fullStr |
Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Uganda (2002–2016) |
title_sort |
spatial and temporal distribution of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in uganda (2002–2016) |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a devastating transboundary viral disease of cattle which causes significant loss in production. Although this disease has been reported in Uganda and throughout East Africa, there is almost no information about its epidemiology, spatial or spatio-temporal distribution. We carried out a retrospective study on the epidemiology of LSD in Uganda between the years 2002 and 2016, using data on reported outbreaks collected monthly by the central government veterinary administration. Descriptive statistics were computed on frequency of outbreaks, number of cases, vaccinations and deaths. We evaluated differences in the number of reported outbreaks across different regions (agro-ecological zones), districts, months and years. Spatial, temporal and space-time scan statistics were used to identify possible epidemiological clusters of LSD outbreaks. Results A total of 1161 outbreaks and 319,355 cases of LSD were reported from 55 out of 56 districts of Uganda. There was a significant difference in incidence between years (P = 0.007) and across different regions. However, there was no significant difference in the number of outbreaks per month (P = 0.443). The Central region reported the highest number of outbreaks (n = 418, 36%) followed by Eastern (n = 372, 32%), Southwestern (n = 140, 12%), Northern (n = 131, 11%), Northeastern (n = 37, 3%), Western (n = 41, 4%) and Northwestern (n = 22, 2%) regions. Several endemic hotspots for the circulation of LSD were identified in the Central and Eastern regions using spatial cluster analyses. Outbreaks in endemic hotspots were less seasonal and had strikingly lower mortality and case-fatality rates than the other regions, suggesting an underlying difference in the epidemiology and impact of LSD in these different zones. Conclusion Lumpy Skin disease is endemic in Uganda, with outbreaks occurring annually in all regions of the country. We identified potential spatial hotspots for LSD outbreaks, underlining the need for risk-based surveillance to establish the actual disease prevalence and risk factors for disease maintenance. Space-time analysis revealed that sporadic LSD outbreaks tend to occur both within and outside of endemic areas. The findings from this study will be used as a baseline for further epidemiological studies for the development of sustainable programmes towards the control of LSD in Uganda. |
topic |
Lumpy skin disease Epidemiology Agro-ecological zones Spatio-temporal epidemiology Uganda |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-018-1503-3 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sylvesterochwo spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT kimberlyvanderwaal spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT annamunsey spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT christianndekezi spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT robertmwebe spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT annaroseademunokurut spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT noelinanantima spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 AT franknorbertmwiine spatialandtemporaldistributionoflumpyskindiseaseoutbreaksinuganda20022016 |
_version_ |
1724910133661663232 |