An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components
A two-year study was conducted in both spring-summer and fall seasons to evaluate calcium cyanamide (CaCN<sub>2</sub>) as an alternative nitrogen (N) source for curly endive (<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i>) grown in a Mediterranean environment. Fo...
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doaj-9fd73a39f8b14ed69b8234d046c9c05d2021-04-02T17:44:00ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-09-01101357135710.3390/agronomy10091357An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality ComponentsLeo Sabatino0Giovanni Iapichino1Salvatore La Bella2Teresa Tuttolomondo3Fabio D’Anna4Mariateresa Cardarelli5Beppe Benedetto Consentino6Youssef Rouphael7Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyConsiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, ItalyA two-year study was conducted in both spring-summer and fall seasons to evaluate calcium cyanamide (CaCN<sub>2</sub>) as an alternative nitrogen (N) source for curly endive (<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i>) grown in a Mediterranean environment. Four types of N applications were administered: (i) pre-transplanting base application of 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to 100% of the supplied N (100<sub>CC</sub>), (ii) pre-transplanting base application of 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to 50% of the supplied N (50<sub>CC</sub>) complemented with 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as ammonium nitrate (50<sub>AN</sub>) supplied through fertigation, (iii) standard application of 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as ammonium nitrate (100<sub>AN</sub>) supplied entirely through fertigation, and (iv) a N-deprived control (0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) used as base reference to calculate the N use efficiency indices (NUE). Fall season increased head fresh weight, head height, stem diameter and plant visual quality, compared with the spring-summer season. The CaCN<sub>2</sub> and standard fertigation N applications were equally effective in increasing head fresh weight and other physical parameters such as, head height, stem diameter, visual quality, number of leaves and head dry matter when compared to the unfertilized control. However, in spring-summer season, CaCN<sub>2</sub>, especially when applied straight at 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, effectively increased ascorbic acid and total phenolic content, whereas, in fall season, an increase in TSS and ascorbic acid was recorded. In both, spring-summer and fall seasons, CaCN<sub>2</sub> significantly decreased N content and nitrogen accumulation (N<sub>acc</sub>). Furthermore, CaCN<sub>2</sub> pre-transplant application improved NUE indices both in terms of N fertilizer recovery efficiency and in terms of physiological efficiency of applied N. Our results finally demonstrated that NUE indices increased in the fall season as compared to the spring-summer season.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1357<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i>leafy green vegetablescultivation seasonnitrogen fertilizerCaCN<sub>2</sub>functional properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leo Sabatino Giovanni Iapichino Salvatore La Bella Teresa Tuttolomondo Fabio D’Anna Mariateresa Cardarelli Beppe Benedetto Consentino Youssef Rouphael |
spellingShingle |
Leo Sabatino Giovanni Iapichino Salvatore La Bella Teresa Tuttolomondo Fabio D’Anna Mariateresa Cardarelli Beppe Benedetto Consentino Youssef Rouphael An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components Agronomy <i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i> leafy green vegetables cultivation season nitrogen fertilizer CaCN<sub>2</sub> functional properties |
author_facet |
Leo Sabatino Giovanni Iapichino Salvatore La Bella Teresa Tuttolomondo Fabio D’Anna Mariateresa Cardarelli Beppe Benedetto Consentino Youssef Rouphael |
author_sort |
Leo Sabatino |
title |
An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components |
title_short |
An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components |
title_full |
An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components |
title_fullStr |
An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Appraisal of Calcium Cyanamide as Alternative N Source for Spring-Summer and Fall Season Curly Endive Crops: Effects on Crop Performance, NUE and Functional Quality Components |
title_sort |
appraisal of calcium cyanamide as alternative n source for spring-summer and fall season curly endive crops: effects on crop performance, nue and functional quality components |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Agronomy |
issn |
2073-4395 |
publishDate |
2020-09-01 |
description |
A two-year study was conducted in both spring-summer and fall seasons to evaluate calcium cyanamide (CaCN<sub>2</sub>) as an alternative nitrogen (N) source for curly endive (<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i>) grown in a Mediterranean environment. Four types of N applications were administered: (i) pre-transplanting base application of 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to 100% of the supplied N (100<sub>CC</sub>), (ii) pre-transplanting base application of 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> corresponding to 50% of the supplied N (50<sub>CC</sub>) complemented with 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as ammonium nitrate (50<sub>AN</sub>) supplied through fertigation, (iii) standard application of 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> as ammonium nitrate (100<sub>AN</sub>) supplied entirely through fertigation, and (iv) a N-deprived control (0 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) used as base reference to calculate the N use efficiency indices (NUE). Fall season increased head fresh weight, head height, stem diameter and plant visual quality, compared with the spring-summer season. The CaCN<sub>2</sub> and standard fertigation N applications were equally effective in increasing head fresh weight and other physical parameters such as, head height, stem diameter, visual quality, number of leaves and head dry matter when compared to the unfertilized control. However, in spring-summer season, CaCN<sub>2</sub>, especially when applied straight at 100 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, effectively increased ascorbic acid and total phenolic content, whereas, in fall season, an increase in TSS and ascorbic acid was recorded. In both, spring-summer and fall seasons, CaCN<sub>2</sub> significantly decreased N content and nitrogen accumulation (N<sub>acc</sub>). Furthermore, CaCN<sub>2</sub> pre-transplant application improved NUE indices both in terms of N fertilizer recovery efficiency and in terms of physiological efficiency of applied N. Our results finally demonstrated that NUE indices increased in the fall season as compared to the spring-summer season. |
topic |
<i>Cichorium endivia</i> L. var. <i>crispum</i> leafy green vegetables cultivation season nitrogen fertilizer CaCN<sub>2</sub> functional properties |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/9/1357 |
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