Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands
Abstract Background Malaria transmission varies in intensity amongst Solomon Island villages where Anopheles farauti is the only vector. This variation in transmission intensity might be explained by density-dependent processes during An. farauti larval development, as density dependence can impact...
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doaj-9fde680619da4d06bb5d25bf5935b0682020-11-25T03:12:35ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752019-06-011811810.1186/s12936-019-2847-2Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon IslandsKimberley McLaughlin0Tanya L. Russell1Allan Apairamo2Hugo Bugoro3Jance Oscar4Robert D. Cooper5Nigel W. Beebe6Scott A. Ritchie7Thomas R. Burkot8Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook UniversityAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook UniversityNational Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry of Health and Medical ServicesResearch Department, Solomon Islands National UniversityWestern Province Malaria ControlAustralian Defense Force Malaria and Infectious Disease InstituteSchool of Biological Sciences, University of QueenslandAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook UniversityAustralian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook UniversityAbstract Background Malaria transmission varies in intensity amongst Solomon Island villages where Anopheles farauti is the only vector. This variation in transmission intensity might be explained by density-dependent processes during An. farauti larval development, as density dependence can impact adult size with associated fitness costs and daily survivorship. Methods Adult anophelines were sampled from six villages in Western and Central Provinces, Solomon Islands between March 2014 and February 2017. The size of females was estimated by measuring wing lengths, and then analysed for associations with biting densities and rainfall. Results In the Solomon Islands, three anopheline species, An. farauti, Anopheles hinesorum and Anopheles lungae, differed in size. The primary malaria vector, An. farauti, varied significantly in size among villages. Greater rainfall was directly associated with higher densities of An. farauti biting rates, but inversely associated with body size with the smallest mean sized mosquitoes present during the peak transmission period. A measurable association between body size and survivorship was not found. Conclusions Density dependent effects are likely impacting the size of adult An. farauti emerging from a range of larval habitats. The data suggest that rainfall increases An. farauti numbers and that these more abundant mosquitoes are significantly smaller in size, but without any reduced survivorship being associated with smaller size. The higher malaria transmission rate in a high malaria focus village appears to be determined more by vector numbers than size or survivorship of the vectors.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2847-2Anopheles farautiAnopheles hinesorumAnopheles lungaeDensity-dependenceWing lengthSize variation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kimberley McLaughlin Tanya L. Russell Allan Apairamo Hugo Bugoro Jance Oscar Robert D. Cooper Nigel W. Beebe Scott A. Ritchie Thomas R. Burkot |
spellingShingle |
Kimberley McLaughlin Tanya L. Russell Allan Apairamo Hugo Bugoro Jance Oscar Robert D. Cooper Nigel W. Beebe Scott A. Ritchie Thomas R. Burkot Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands Malaria Journal Anopheles farauti Anopheles hinesorum Anopheles lungae Density-dependence Wing length Size variation |
author_facet |
Kimberley McLaughlin Tanya L. Russell Allan Apairamo Hugo Bugoro Jance Oscar Robert D. Cooper Nigel W. Beebe Scott A. Ritchie Thomas R. Burkot |
author_sort |
Kimberley McLaughlin |
title |
Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands |
title_short |
Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands |
title_full |
Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands |
title_fullStr |
Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands |
title_full_unstemmed |
Smallest Anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the Solomon Islands |
title_sort |
smallest anopheles farauti occur during the peak transmission season in the solomon islands |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Malaria Journal |
issn |
1475-2875 |
publishDate |
2019-06-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Malaria transmission varies in intensity amongst Solomon Island villages where Anopheles farauti is the only vector. This variation in transmission intensity might be explained by density-dependent processes during An. farauti larval development, as density dependence can impact adult size with associated fitness costs and daily survivorship. Methods Adult anophelines were sampled from six villages in Western and Central Provinces, Solomon Islands between March 2014 and February 2017. The size of females was estimated by measuring wing lengths, and then analysed for associations with biting densities and rainfall. Results In the Solomon Islands, three anopheline species, An. farauti, Anopheles hinesorum and Anopheles lungae, differed in size. The primary malaria vector, An. farauti, varied significantly in size among villages. Greater rainfall was directly associated with higher densities of An. farauti biting rates, but inversely associated with body size with the smallest mean sized mosquitoes present during the peak transmission period. A measurable association between body size and survivorship was not found. Conclusions Density dependent effects are likely impacting the size of adult An. farauti emerging from a range of larval habitats. The data suggest that rainfall increases An. farauti numbers and that these more abundant mosquitoes are significantly smaller in size, but without any reduced survivorship being associated with smaller size. The higher malaria transmission rate in a high malaria focus village appears to be determined more by vector numbers than size or survivorship of the vectors. |
topic |
Anopheles farauti Anopheles hinesorum Anopheles lungae Density-dependence Wing length Size variation |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-019-2847-2 |
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