Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII
BackgroundThe global incidence of NAFLD is rising sharply due to various risk factors. As previous studies reported adverse health impact of long working hours on metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, it is plausible that NAFLD is also associated with working excessive hours. Ho...
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doaj-9fdf4f0df9cb445caea0278e318bfa382021-05-07T10:49:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922021-05-011210.3389/fendo.2021.647459647459Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIIEyun SongJung A. KimEun RohJi Hee YuNam Hoon KimHye Jin YooJi A. SeoSin Gon KimNan Hee KimSei Hyun BaikKyung Mook ChoiBackgroundThe global incidence of NAFLD is rising sharply due to various risk factors. As previous studies reported adverse health impact of long working hours on metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, it is plausible that NAFLD is also associated with working excessive hours. However, data regarding this issue is limited.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII, 5,661 working adults without previous liver disease or heavy alcohol drinking habits were included. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to working hours: 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), which is a validated prediction model for determining NAFLD.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD (HSI ≥36) increased with longer working hours: 23.0%, 25.6%, and 30.6% in the 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week group, respectively (p <0.001). Subjects who worked 53–83 hours/week had higher odds for NAFLD than those who worked the standard 36–42 hours/week (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.50, p = 0.033) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol. This association was consistent across subgroups according to working schedule (daytime vs. shift workers) or occupation type (office vs. manual workers). In particular, the relationship between long working hours and NAFLD was pronounced in workers aged <60 years and in female workers.ConclusionsLong working hours was significantly associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required to validate this finding with causal relationship.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.647459/fullfatty liver diseasehepatic steatosis indexoccupational healthmetabolic diseasesliver steatosis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Eyun Song Jung A. Kim Eun Roh Ji Hee Yu Nam Hoon Kim Hye Jin Yoo Ji A. Seo Sin Gon Kim Nan Hee Kim Sei Hyun Baik Kyung Mook Choi |
spellingShingle |
Eyun Song Jung A. Kim Eun Roh Ji Hee Yu Nam Hoon Kim Hye Jin Yoo Ji A. Seo Sin Gon Kim Nan Hee Kim Sei Hyun Baik Kyung Mook Choi Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII Frontiers in Endocrinology fatty liver disease hepatic steatosis index occupational health metabolic diseases liver steatosis |
author_facet |
Eyun Song Jung A. Kim Eun Roh Ji Hee Yu Nam Hoon Kim Hye Jin Yoo Ji A. Seo Sin Gon Kim Nan Hee Kim Sei Hyun Baik Kyung Mook Choi |
author_sort |
Eyun Song |
title |
Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII |
title_short |
Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII |
title_full |
Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII |
title_fullStr |
Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII |
title_full_unstemmed |
Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII |
title_sort |
long working hours and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: korea national health and nutrition examination survey vii |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Endocrinology |
issn |
1664-2392 |
publishDate |
2021-05-01 |
description |
BackgroundThe global incidence of NAFLD is rising sharply due to various risk factors. As previous studies reported adverse health impact of long working hours on metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, it is plausible that NAFLD is also associated with working excessive hours. However, data regarding this issue is limited.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII, 5,661 working adults without previous liver disease or heavy alcohol drinking habits were included. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to working hours: 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), which is a validated prediction model for determining NAFLD.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD (HSI ≥36) increased with longer working hours: 23.0%, 25.6%, and 30.6% in the 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week group, respectively (p <0.001). Subjects who worked 53–83 hours/week had higher odds for NAFLD than those who worked the standard 36–42 hours/week (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.50, p = 0.033) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol. This association was consistent across subgroups according to working schedule (daytime vs. shift workers) or occupation type (office vs. manual workers). In particular, the relationship between long working hours and NAFLD was pronounced in workers aged <60 years and in female workers.ConclusionsLong working hours was significantly associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required to validate this finding with causal relationship. |
topic |
fatty liver disease hepatic steatosis index occupational health metabolic diseases liver steatosis |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.647459/full |
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