Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review
Environmental concerns, caused by greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere and overrunning of nutrients and pathogens to water bodies, have led to reducing direct spread onto the land of cattle manure. In addition, this practice can be a source of water and air pollution and toxicity to life by t...
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doaj-9ffc8215444e4ab495bf6aa0a269c7b02020-11-25T01:31:31ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292019-05-01522710.3390/c5020027c5020027Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A ReviewCarolina Font-Palma0Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Thornton Science Park, University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, UKEnvironmental concerns, caused by greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere and overrunning of nutrients and pathogens to water bodies, have led to reducing direct spread onto the land of cattle manure. In addition, this practice can be a source of water and air pollution and toxicity to life by the release of undesirable heavy metals. Looking at the current practices, it is evident that most farms separate solids for recycling purposes, store slurries in large lagoons or use anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The review explores the potential for cattle manure as an energy source due to its relatively large calorific value (HHV of 8.7–18.7 MJ/kg dry basis). This property is beneficial for thermochemical conversion processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis. This study also reviews the potential for upgrading biogas for transportation and heating use. This review discusses current cattle manure management technologies—biological treatment and thermochemical conversion processes—and the diverse physical and chemical properties due to the differences in farm practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/5/2/27cattle manurebeef cattlegasificationanaerobic digestionbiogasbiomethane |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Carolina Font-Palma |
spellingShingle |
Carolina Font-Palma Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review C cattle manure beef cattle gasification anaerobic digestion biogas biomethane |
author_facet |
Carolina Font-Palma |
author_sort |
Carolina Font-Palma |
title |
Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review |
title_short |
Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review |
title_full |
Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review |
title_fullStr |
Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review |
title_sort |
methods for the treatment of cattle manure—a review |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
C |
issn |
2311-5629 |
publishDate |
2019-05-01 |
description |
Environmental concerns, caused by greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere and overrunning of nutrients and pathogens to water bodies, have led to reducing direct spread onto the land of cattle manure. In addition, this practice can be a source of water and air pollution and toxicity to life by the release of undesirable heavy metals. Looking at the current practices, it is evident that most farms separate solids for recycling purposes, store slurries in large lagoons or use anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The review explores the potential for cattle manure as an energy source due to its relatively large calorific value (HHV of 8.7–18.7 MJ/kg dry basis). This property is beneficial for thermochemical conversion processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis. This study also reviews the potential for upgrading biogas for transportation and heating use. This review discusses current cattle manure management technologies—biological treatment and thermochemical conversion processes—and the diverse physical and chemical properties due to the differences in farm practices. |
topic |
cattle manure beef cattle gasification anaerobic digestion biogas biomethane |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/5/2/27 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT carolinafontpalma methodsforthetreatmentofcattlemanureareview |
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