Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas
A variety of single pollutant and multipollutant metrics can be used to represent exposure to traffic pollutant mixtures and evaluate their health effects. Integrated mobile source indicators (IMSIs) that combine air quality concentration and emissions data have recently been developed and evaluated...
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doaj-a06e74b7b9c2403fb658d8464ad4a8042020-11-25T00:06:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health1660-46012014-11-011111117271175210.3390/ijerph111111727ijerph111111727Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban AreasMichelle M. Oakes0Lisa K. Baxter1Rachelle M. Duvall2Meagan Madden3Mingjie Xie4Michael P. Hannigan5Jennifer L. Peel6Jorge E. Pachon7Siv Balachandran8Armistead Russell9Thomas C. Long10National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USANational Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 2711, USANational Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 2711, USANational Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USADepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAProgram of Environmental Engineering, Universidad de La Salle, Bogota, CO 111711, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USADepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USANational Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USAA variety of single pollutant and multipollutant metrics can be used to represent exposure to traffic pollutant mixtures and evaluate their health effects. Integrated mobile source indicators (IMSIs) that combine air quality concentration and emissions data have recently been developed and evaluated using data from Atlanta, Georgia. IMSIs were found to track trends in traffic-related pollutants and have similar or stronger associations with health outcomes. In the current work, we apply IMSIs for gasoline, diesel and total (gasoline + diesel) vehicles to two other cities (Denver, Colorado and Houston, Texas) with different emissions profiles as well as to a different dataset from Atlanta. We compare spatial and temporal variability of IMSIs to single-pollutant indicators (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC)) and multipollutant source apportionment factors produced by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Across cities, PMF-derived and IMSI gasoline metrics were most strongly correlated with CO (r = 0.31–0.98), while multipollutant diesel metrics were most strongly correlated with EC (r = 0.80–0.98). NOx correlations with PMF factors varied across cities (r = 0.29–0.67), while correlations with IMSIs were relatively consistent (r = 0.61–0.94). In general, single-pollutant metrics were more correlated with IMSIs (r = 0.58–0.98) than with PMF-derived factors (r = 0.07–0.99). A spatial analysis indicated that IMSIs were more strongly correlated (r > 0.7) between two sites in each city than single pollutant and PMF factors. These findings provide confidence that IMSIs provide a transferable, simple approach to estimate mobile source air pollution in cities with differing topography and source profiles using readily available data.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/11/11727multipollutantair pollutionexposure metricssource apportionmentmobile sourcesemissions-based indicators |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michelle M. Oakes Lisa K. Baxter Rachelle M. Duvall Meagan Madden Mingjie Xie Michael P. Hannigan Jennifer L. Peel Jorge E. Pachon Siv Balachandran Armistead Russell Thomas C. Long |
spellingShingle |
Michelle M. Oakes Lisa K. Baxter Rachelle M. Duvall Meagan Madden Mingjie Xie Michael P. Hannigan Jennifer L. Peel Jorge E. Pachon Siv Balachandran Armistead Russell Thomas C. Long Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health multipollutant air pollution exposure metrics source apportionment mobile sources emissions-based indicators |
author_facet |
Michelle M. Oakes Lisa K. Baxter Rachelle M. Duvall Meagan Madden Mingjie Xie Michael P. Hannigan Jennifer L. Peel Jorge E. Pachon Siv Balachandran Armistead Russell Thomas C. Long |
author_sort |
Michelle M. Oakes |
title |
Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas |
title_short |
Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas |
title_full |
Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas |
title_fullStr |
Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparing Multipollutant Emissions-Based Mobile Source Indicators to Other Single Pollutant and Multipollutant Indicators in Different Urban Areas |
title_sort |
comparing multipollutant emissions-based mobile source indicators to other single pollutant and multipollutant indicators in different urban areas |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
issn |
1660-4601 |
publishDate |
2014-11-01 |
description |
A variety of single pollutant and multipollutant metrics can be used to represent exposure to traffic pollutant mixtures and evaluate their health effects. Integrated mobile source indicators (IMSIs) that combine air quality concentration and emissions data have recently been developed and evaluated using data from Atlanta, Georgia. IMSIs were found to track trends in traffic-related pollutants and have similar or stronger associations with health outcomes. In the current work, we apply IMSIs for gasoline, diesel and total (gasoline + diesel) vehicles to two other cities (Denver, Colorado and Houston, Texas) with different emissions profiles as well as to a different dataset from Atlanta. We compare spatial and temporal variability of IMSIs to single-pollutant indicators (carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and elemental carbon (EC)) and multipollutant source apportionment factors produced by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Across cities, PMF-derived and IMSI gasoline metrics were most strongly correlated with CO (r = 0.31–0.98), while multipollutant diesel metrics were most strongly correlated with EC (r = 0.80–0.98). NOx correlations with PMF factors varied across cities (r = 0.29–0.67), while correlations with IMSIs were relatively consistent (r = 0.61–0.94). In general, single-pollutant metrics were more correlated with IMSIs (r = 0.58–0.98) than with PMF-derived factors (r = 0.07–0.99). A spatial analysis indicated that IMSIs were more strongly correlated (r > 0.7) between two sites in each city than single pollutant and PMF factors. These findings provide confidence that IMSIs provide a transferable, simple approach to estimate mobile source air pollution in cities with differing topography and source profiles using readily available data. |
topic |
multipollutant air pollution exposure metrics source apportionment mobile sources emissions-based indicators |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/11/11727 |
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