Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework
<p>Land use and management practices affect the response of soil organic carbon (C) to global change. Process-based models of soil C are useful tools to simulate C dynamics, but it is important to bridge any disconnect that exists between the data used to inform the models and the processes t...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Biogeosciences |
Online Access: | https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/5185/2021/bg-18-5185-2021.pdf |
id |
doaj-a0721c9094f64d4f8e12c48fed029f66 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
J. Lee R. A. Viscarra Rossel M. Zhang Z. Luo Y.-P. Wang |
spellingShingle |
J. Lee R. A. Viscarra Rossel M. Zhang Z. Luo Y.-P. Wang Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework Biogeosciences |
author_facet |
J. Lee R. A. Viscarra Rossel M. Zhang Z. Luo Y.-P. Wang |
author_sort |
J. Lee |
title |
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
title_short |
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
title_full |
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
title_fullStr |
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
title_full_unstemmed |
Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
title_sort |
assessing the response of soil carbon in australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling framework |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Biogeosciences |
issn |
1726-4170 1726-4189 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
<p>Land use and management practices affect the response of soil organic carbon (C) to global change. Process-based models of soil C are useful tools to simulate C dynamics, but it is important to bridge any disconnect that exists between the data used to inform the models and the processes that they depict. To minimise that disconnect, we developed a consistent modelling framework that integrates new spatially explicit soil measurements and data with the Rothamsted carbon model (Roth C) and simulates the response of soil organic C to future climate change across Australia. We compiled publicly available continental-scale datasets and pre-processed, standardised and configured them to the required spatial and temporal resolutions. We then calibrated Roth C and ran simulations to estimate the baseline soil organic C stocks and composition in the 0–0.3 m layer at 4043 sites in cropping, modified grazing, native grazing and natural environments across Australia. We used data on the C fractions, the particulate, mineral-associated and resistant organic C (POC, MAOC and ROC, respectively) to represent the three main C pools in the Roth C model's structure. The model explained 97 %–98 % of the variation in measured total organic C in soils under cropping and grazing and 65 % in soils under natural environments. We optimised the model at each site and experimented with different amounts of C inputs to simulate the potential for C accumulation under constant climate in a 100-year simulation. With an annual increase of 1 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in C inputs, the model simulated a potential soil C increase of 13.58 (interquartile range 12.19–15.80), 14.21 (12.38–16.03) and 15.57 (12.07–17.82) Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> under cropping, modified grazing and native grazing and 3.52 (3.15–4.09) Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> under natural environments. With projected future changes in climate (<span class="inline-formula">+</span>1.5, 2 and 5.0 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) over 100 years, the simulations showed that soils under natural environments lost the most C, between 3.1 and 4.5 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while soils under native grazing lost the least, between 0.4 and 0.7 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. Soil under cropping lost between 1 and 2.7 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while those under modified grazing showed a slight increase with temperature increases of 1.5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, but with further increases of 2 and 5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C the median loss of TOC was 0.28 and 3.4 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, respectively. For the different land uses, the changes in the C fractions varied with changes in climate. An empirical assessment of the controls on the C change showed that climate, pH, total N, the C : N ratio and cropping were the most important controls on POC change. Clay content and climate were dominant controls on MAOC change. Consistent and explicit soil organic C simulations improve confidence in the model's estimations, facilitating the development of sustainable soil management under global change.</p> |
url |
https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/5185/2021/bg-18-5185-2021.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT jlee assessingtheresponseofsoilcarboninaustraliatochanginginputsandclimateusingaconsistentmodellingframework AT raviscarrarossel assessingtheresponseofsoilcarboninaustraliatochanginginputsandclimateusingaconsistentmodellingframework AT mzhang assessingtheresponseofsoilcarboninaustraliatochanginginputsandclimateusingaconsistentmodellingframework AT zluo assessingtheresponseofsoilcarboninaustraliatochanginginputsandclimateusingaconsistentmodellingframework AT ypwang assessingtheresponseofsoilcarboninaustraliatochanginginputsandclimateusingaconsistentmodellingframework |
_version_ |
1717371516565323776 |
spelling |
doaj-a0721c9094f64d4f8e12c48fed029f662021-09-22T09:26:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsBiogeosciences1726-41701726-41892021-09-01185185520210.5194/bg-18-5185-2021Assessing the response of soil carbon in Australia to changing inputs and climate using a consistent modelling frameworkJ. Lee0R. A. Viscarra Rossel1M. Zhang2Z. Luo3Y.-P. Wang4Soil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaSoil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaSoil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, G.P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaCollege of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaCSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Private Bag 1, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia<p>Land use and management practices affect the response of soil organic carbon (C) to global change. Process-based models of soil C are useful tools to simulate C dynamics, but it is important to bridge any disconnect that exists between the data used to inform the models and the processes that they depict. To minimise that disconnect, we developed a consistent modelling framework that integrates new spatially explicit soil measurements and data with the Rothamsted carbon model (Roth C) and simulates the response of soil organic C to future climate change across Australia. We compiled publicly available continental-scale datasets and pre-processed, standardised and configured them to the required spatial and temporal resolutions. We then calibrated Roth C and ran simulations to estimate the baseline soil organic C stocks and composition in the 0–0.3 m layer at 4043 sites in cropping, modified grazing, native grazing and natural environments across Australia. We used data on the C fractions, the particulate, mineral-associated and resistant organic C (POC, MAOC and ROC, respectively) to represent the three main C pools in the Roth C model's structure. The model explained 97 %–98 % of the variation in measured total organic C in soils under cropping and grazing and 65 % in soils under natural environments. We optimised the model at each site and experimented with different amounts of C inputs to simulate the potential for C accumulation under constant climate in a 100-year simulation. With an annual increase of 1 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> in C inputs, the model simulated a potential soil C increase of 13.58 (interquartile range 12.19–15.80), 14.21 (12.38–16.03) and 15.57 (12.07–17.82) Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> under cropping, modified grazing and native grazing and 3.52 (3.15–4.09) Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> under natural environments. With projected future changes in climate (<span class="inline-formula">+</span>1.5, 2 and 5.0 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C) over 100 years, the simulations showed that soils under natural environments lost the most C, between 3.1 and 4.5 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while soils under native grazing lost the least, between 0.4 and 0.7 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. Soil under cropping lost between 1 and 2.7 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, while those under modified grazing showed a slight increase with temperature increases of 1.5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C, but with further increases of 2 and 5 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C the median loss of TOC was 0.28 and 3.4 Mg C ha<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, respectively. For the different land uses, the changes in the C fractions varied with changes in climate. An empirical assessment of the controls on the C change showed that climate, pH, total N, the C : N ratio and cropping were the most important controls on POC change. Clay content and climate were dominant controls on MAOC change. Consistent and explicit soil organic C simulations improve confidence in the model's estimations, facilitating the development of sustainable soil management under global change.</p>https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/5185/2021/bg-18-5185-2021.pdf |