Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology
The stone fish is an under-utilized sea cucumber with many nutritional and ethno-medicinal values. This study aimed to establish the conditions for its optimum hydrolysis with bromelain to generate angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory hydrolysates. Response surface methodology (RSM) base...
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doaj-a0b768bf32c34ad9bcc718e100f7500b2020-11-24T21:30:43ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972017-03-0115410410.3390/md15040104md15040104Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface MethodologyShehu Muhammad Auwal0Mohammad Zarei1Azizah Abdul-Hamid2Nazamid Saari3Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaThe stone fish is an under-utilized sea cucumber with many nutritional and ethno-medicinal values. This study aimed to establish the conditions for its optimum hydrolysis with bromelain to generate angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory hydrolysates. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design was used to model and optimize the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE-inhibitory activity. Process conditions including pH (4–7), temperature (40–70 °C), enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio (0.5%–2%) and time (30–360 min) were used. A pH of 7.0, temperature of 40 °C, E/S ratio of 2% and time of 240 min were determined using a response surface model as the optimum levels to obtain the maximum ACE-inhibitory activity of 84.26% at 44.59% degree of hydrolysis. Hence, RSM can serve as an effective approach in the design of experiments to improve the antihypertensive effect of stone fish hydrolysates, which can thus be used as a value-added ingredient for various applications in the functional foods industries.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/4/104ACE inhibitory hydrolysatesdegree of hydrolysisstone fishcentral composite designresponse surface methodology |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Shehu Muhammad Auwal Mohammad Zarei Azizah Abdul-Hamid Nazamid Saari |
spellingShingle |
Shehu Muhammad Auwal Mohammad Zarei Azizah Abdul-Hamid Nazamid Saari Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology Marine Drugs ACE inhibitory hydrolysates degree of hydrolysis stone fish central composite design response surface methodology |
author_facet |
Shehu Muhammad Auwal Mohammad Zarei Azizah Abdul-Hamid Nazamid Saari |
author_sort |
Shehu Muhammad Auwal |
title |
Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_short |
Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_full |
Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_fullStr |
Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimization of Bromelain-Aided Production of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Hydrolysates from Stone Fish Using Response Surface Methodology |
title_sort |
optimization of bromelain-aided production of angiotensin i-converting enzyme inhibitory hydrolysates from stone fish using response surface methodology |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Marine Drugs |
issn |
1660-3397 |
publishDate |
2017-03-01 |
description |
The stone fish is an under-utilized sea cucumber with many nutritional and ethno-medicinal values. This study aimed to establish the conditions for its optimum hydrolysis with bromelain to generate angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory hydrolysates. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design was used to model and optimize the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and ACE-inhibitory activity. Process conditions including pH (4–7), temperature (40–70 °C), enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio (0.5%–2%) and time (30–360 min) were used. A pH of 7.0, temperature of 40 °C, E/S ratio of 2% and time of 240 min were determined using a response surface model as the optimum levels to obtain the maximum ACE-inhibitory activity of 84.26% at 44.59% degree of hydrolysis. Hence, RSM can serve as an effective approach in the design of experiments to improve the antihypertensive effect of stone fish hydrolysates, which can thus be used as a value-added ingredient for various applications in the functional foods industries. |
topic |
ACE inhibitory hydrolysates degree of hydrolysis stone fish central composite design response surface methodology |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/15/4/104 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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