Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i>
Mayaro virus is a mosquito-borne <i>Alphavirus</i> endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and <i>Haemagogus </i>mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and case...
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doaj-a0ce5ef093eb41e5a22d36ccdcfd03032020-11-25T03:44:35ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-07-011271971910.3390/v12070719Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i>Barry W. Alto0Ayse Civana1Keenan Wiggins2Bradley Eastmond3Dongyoung Shin4Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAFlorida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, 200 9th St. Vero Beach, FL 32962, USAMayaro virus is a mosquito-borne <i>Alphavirus</i> endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and <i>Haemagogus </i>mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and cases are often associated with exposure to tropical forest habitats. Human movement between tropical forest habitats and urban settings may allow for imported cases and subsequent local transmission by domestic mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. The relative importance of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> as a vector of Mayaro virus may depend on the pathogenic effects of the virus on fitness correlates, especially those entomological parameters that relate to vectorial capacity. We performed mosquito infection studies and compared adult survival and fecundity of females from Brazilian and Floridian populations of <i>Ae. aegypti </i>following oral ingestion of uninfectious (control) and Mayaro virus infectious blood. Mayaro virus infected and refractory mosquitoes had similar or 30–50% lower fecundity than control (unexposed) mosquitoes, suggesting a reproductive cost to mounting an immune response or phenotypic expression of refractoriness. Survival of adult female mosquitoes and targeted gene expression in the Toll and IMD pathways were not altered by Mayaro virus infection. Adult lifespan and fecundity estimates were independent of measured viral titer in the bodies of mosquitoes. The lack of adverse effects of infection status on female survival suggests that Mayaro virus will not alter vectorial capacity mediated by changes in this parameter.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/719mosquitoarbovirus infectionimmune responsecost of infectionsurvivalreproduction |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Barry W. Alto Ayse Civana Keenan Wiggins Bradley Eastmond Dongyoung Shin |
spellingShingle |
Barry W. Alto Ayse Civana Keenan Wiggins Bradley Eastmond Dongyoung Shin Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Viruses mosquito arbovirus infection immune response cost of infection survival reproduction |
author_facet |
Barry W. Alto Ayse Civana Keenan Wiggins Bradley Eastmond Dongyoung Shin |
author_sort |
Barry W. Alto |
title |
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> |
title_short |
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> |
title_full |
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> |
title_fullStr |
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of Oral Infection of Mayaro Virus on Fitness Correlates and Expression of Immune Related Genes in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> |
title_sort |
effect of oral infection of mayaro virus on fitness correlates and expression of immune related genes in <i>aedes aegypti</i> |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Viruses |
issn |
1999-4915 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Mayaro virus is a mosquito-borne <i>Alphavirus</i> endemic to forests of tropical South America with a sylvatic cycle involving non-human primates and <i>Haemagogus </i>mosquitoes. Human infection with Mayaro virus causes a febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia and cases are often associated with exposure to tropical forest habitats. Human movement between tropical forest habitats and urban settings may allow for imported cases and subsequent local transmission by domestic mosquito <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. The relative importance of <i>Ae. aegypti</i> as a vector of Mayaro virus may depend on the pathogenic effects of the virus on fitness correlates, especially those entomological parameters that relate to vectorial capacity. We performed mosquito infection studies and compared adult survival and fecundity of females from Brazilian and Floridian populations of <i>Ae. aegypti </i>following oral ingestion of uninfectious (control) and Mayaro virus infectious blood. Mayaro virus infected and refractory mosquitoes had similar or 30–50% lower fecundity than control (unexposed) mosquitoes, suggesting a reproductive cost to mounting an immune response or phenotypic expression of refractoriness. Survival of adult female mosquitoes and targeted gene expression in the Toll and IMD pathways were not altered by Mayaro virus infection. Adult lifespan and fecundity estimates were independent of measured viral titer in the bodies of mosquitoes. The lack of adverse effects of infection status on female survival suggests that Mayaro virus will not alter vectorial capacity mediated by changes in this parameter. |
topic |
mosquito arbovirus infection immune response cost of infection survival reproduction |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/7/719 |
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