Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day per...
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doaj-a0d6c5423c72413e9d9cd83677260dfa2020-11-25T02:17:31ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-02-0110231610.3390/ani10020316ani10020316Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover SilageEdwin Westreicher-Kristen0Joaquín Castro-Montoya1Mario Hasler2Andreas Susenbeth3Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Rangeland Management in the Tropics and Subtropics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, GermanyLehrfach Variationsstatistik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, GermanyThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods comprised of a 13-day adaptation phase to diet followed by an 8-day sampling phase. Differences in estimated MCP yield and milk OBCFA composition were found by feeding total mixed rations containing forage (maize silage, MS; red clover silage, RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions of RCS to MS of 0.15:0.60, 0.30:0.45, 0.45:0.30, and 0.60:0.15 on a dry matter basis. The MCP was estimated from the total urinary purine derivate (PD) excretion (MCPPD) and intakes of metabolizable energy (MCPME) or digestible organic matter (MCPdOM). The Pearson correlations of individual OBCFA with urinary parameters (uric acid, allantoin, PD and nitrogen) were generally weak (<i>r</i> = −0.37 to 0.55). Yields of individual OBCFA correlated positively with MCPME and MCPdOM (<i>r</i> = 0.21 to 0.55). The prediction of urinary PD concentration was moderate (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.64) when including the proportion of iso-C17:0. The prediction of total PD excretion was low (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21) with yields of iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The prediction of MCPPD was high (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) when including the iso-C16:0 and cis-9 C17:1 concentrations, while those of MCPME and MCPdOM were low (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.37 and 0.36, respectively) when including yields of iso-C15:0, cis-9 C17:1, and iso-C18:0. The correlations and regression analyses demonstrate that the estimated MCP synthesis and urinary PD excretion can be only moderately predicted by yields and concentrations of individual or total OBCFA in cow’s milk. However, milk OBCFA can still be seen as a promising, non-invasive method for predicting rumen function and microbial protein supply in dairy cows because MCP flow was not directly measured in this study but instead indirectly estimated probably comprising considerable deviations of the assumed values from the true ones.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/2/316purine derivativemicrobial proteinodd- and branched-chain fatty acidsred clover |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen Joaquín Castro-Montoya Mario Hasler Andreas Susenbeth |
spellingShingle |
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen Joaquín Castro-Montoya Mario Hasler Andreas Susenbeth Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage Animals purine derivative microbial protein odd- and branched-chain fatty acids red clover |
author_facet |
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen Joaquín Castro-Montoya Mario Hasler Andreas Susenbeth |
author_sort |
Edwin Westreicher-Kristen |
title |
Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage |
title_short |
Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage |
title_full |
Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage |
title_fullStr |
Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relationship of Milk Odd- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids with Urine Parameters and Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows Fed Different Proportions of Maize Silage and Red Clover Silage |
title_sort |
relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids with urine parameters and ruminal microbial protein synthesis in dairy cows fed different proportions of maize silage and red clover silage |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Animals |
issn |
2076-2615 |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
description |
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFA) with urinary purine derivates and estimated ruminal microbial crude protein (MCP) synthesis. Forty-four lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods comprised of a 13-day adaptation phase to diet followed by an 8-day sampling phase. Differences in estimated MCP yield and milk OBCFA composition were found by feeding total mixed rations containing forage (maize silage, MS; red clover silage, RCS) and concentrates (0.75:0.25) with targeted proportions of RCS to MS of 0.15:0.60, 0.30:0.45, 0.45:0.30, and 0.60:0.15 on a dry matter basis. The MCP was estimated from the total urinary purine derivate (PD) excretion (MCPPD) and intakes of metabolizable energy (MCPME) or digestible organic matter (MCPdOM). The Pearson correlations of individual OBCFA with urinary parameters (uric acid, allantoin, PD and nitrogen) were generally weak (<i>r</i> = −0.37 to 0.55). Yields of individual OBCFA correlated positively with MCPME and MCPdOM (<i>r</i> = 0.21 to 0.55). The prediction of urinary PD concentration was moderate (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.64) when including the proportion of iso-C17:0. The prediction of total PD excretion was low (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21) with yields of iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The prediction of MCPPD was high (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99) when including the iso-C16:0 and cis-9 C17:1 concentrations, while those of MCPME and MCPdOM were low (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.37 and 0.36, respectively) when including yields of iso-C15:0, cis-9 C17:1, and iso-C18:0. The correlations and regression analyses demonstrate that the estimated MCP synthesis and urinary PD excretion can be only moderately predicted by yields and concentrations of individual or total OBCFA in cow’s milk. However, milk OBCFA can still be seen as a promising, non-invasive method for predicting rumen function and microbial protein supply in dairy cows because MCP flow was not directly measured in this study but instead indirectly estimated probably comprising considerable deviations of the assumed values from the true ones. |
topic |
purine derivative microbial protein odd- and branched-chain fatty acids red clover |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/2/316 |
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