Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science
Ecosystem is a fundamental organizational unit of the biosphere in which biological communities interact with their non-biological environment through energy flows and material cycles. Ecosystem science is the study of patterns, processes, and services of ecosystems. Since the 1990s, rising concerns...
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doaj-a115635486db4e44a303b51f5a0286582021-07-25T04:44:06ZengElsevierGeography and Sustainability2666-68392021-09-0123151162Moving toward a new era of ecosystem scienceGuirui Yu0Shilong Piao1Yangjian Zhang2Lingli Liu3Jian Peng4Shuli Niu5Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Corresponding author: Guirui Yu, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaSino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaEcosystem is a fundamental organizational unit of the biosphere in which biological communities interact with their non-biological environment through energy flows and material cycles. Ecosystem science is the study of patterns, processes, and services of ecosystems. Since the 1990s, rising concerns regarding global climate change, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and sustainability of the human-dominated biosphere have stimulated the growth of ecosystem science, which is expected to provide systematic solutions to many of these major issues facing human societies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current progress in ecosystem science and identifies some key research challenges facing this discipline. We demonstrate that a key feature of the current progress in ecosystem science is its evolution from primarily theoretical explorations toward more systematic, integrative and application-oriented studies. Specifically, five major changes in the discipline over the past several decades can be identified. These include: (1) the expansion of the primary goal from understanding nature to include human activities; (2) the broadening of the research focus from single ecosystem types to macro-ecosystems comprising multiple regional ecosystems; (3) the shifting of research methods from small-scale observations and experiments to large-scale observations, network experiments, and model simulations; (4) the increasing attention to comprehensive integration of ecosystem components, processes, and scales; and (5) the shifting from a primarily biology-oriented focus to an integrated multi-disciplinary scientific field. While ecosystem science still faces many challenges in the future, these directional changes, along with the rapidly enriched research tools and data acquisition capabilities, lay a promising ground for the discipline’s future as a fundamental scientific basis for solving many environmental challenges facing human societies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666683921000262Large-scale macro-systemsSustainable developmentInterdisciplinary researchEcosystem science |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Guirui Yu Shilong Piao Yangjian Zhang Lingli Liu Jian Peng Shuli Niu |
spellingShingle |
Guirui Yu Shilong Piao Yangjian Zhang Lingli Liu Jian Peng Shuli Niu Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science Geography and Sustainability Large-scale macro-systems Sustainable development Interdisciplinary research Ecosystem science |
author_facet |
Guirui Yu Shilong Piao Yangjian Zhang Lingli Liu Jian Peng Shuli Niu |
author_sort |
Guirui Yu |
title |
Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
title_short |
Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
title_full |
Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
title_fullStr |
Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
title_full_unstemmed |
Moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
title_sort |
moving toward a new era of ecosystem science |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Geography and Sustainability |
issn |
2666-6839 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Ecosystem is a fundamental organizational unit of the biosphere in which biological communities interact with their non-biological environment through energy flows and material cycles. Ecosystem science is the study of patterns, processes, and services of ecosystems. Since the 1990s, rising concerns regarding global climate change, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, and sustainability of the human-dominated biosphere have stimulated the growth of ecosystem science, which is expected to provide systematic solutions to many of these major issues facing human societies. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current progress in ecosystem science and identifies some key research challenges facing this discipline. We demonstrate that a key feature of the current progress in ecosystem science is its evolution from primarily theoretical explorations toward more systematic, integrative and application-oriented studies. Specifically, five major changes in the discipline over the past several decades can be identified. These include: (1) the expansion of the primary goal from understanding nature to include human activities; (2) the broadening of the research focus from single ecosystem types to macro-ecosystems comprising multiple regional ecosystems; (3) the shifting of research methods from small-scale observations and experiments to large-scale observations, network experiments, and model simulations; (4) the increasing attention to comprehensive integration of ecosystem components, processes, and scales; and (5) the shifting from a primarily biology-oriented focus to an integrated multi-disciplinary scientific field. While ecosystem science still faces many challenges in the future, these directional changes, along with the rapidly enriched research tools and data acquisition capabilities, lay a promising ground for the discipline’s future as a fundamental scientific basis for solving many environmental challenges facing human societies. |
topic |
Large-scale macro-systems Sustainable development Interdisciplinary research Ecosystem science |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666683921000262 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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