Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique
Large areas of land are nowadays contaminated by heavy metals and, it is therefore, important to monitor their levels in soils. Vegetables act as transfer mechanisms of such contaminants from soils to higher levels in the food chain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical...
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Universidade de São Paulo
2014-10-01
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doaj-a14f9e0e4d0d460bab64a270d3643eed2020-11-24T22:22:31ZengUniversidade de São PauloScientia Agricola1678-992X2014-10-0171541041510.1590/0103-9016-2013-0305S0103-90162014000500010Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope techniqueFernando Guerra0Anderson Ricardo Trevizam1Rafael Carvalho Fior2Takashi Muraoka3Universidade de São PauloUniversidade do Vale do ItajaíUniversidade de São PauloUniversidade de São PauloLarge areas of land are nowadays contaminated by heavy metals and, it is therefore, important to monitor their levels in soils. Vegetables act as transfer mechanisms of such contaminants from soils to higher levels in the food chain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical extractants by the L-value method for Cd phytoavailability using the 109Cd radionuclide. In a greenhouse experiment, rocket plants (Eruca sativa L.) were cultivated in pots with samples from Typic Hapludox and Typic Quartzipsamment soils. Cadmium concentrations ranging from 0 to 16 mg kg-1 were added to a 200 mL solution containing 148 kBq 109Cd. The available Cd in the soil was extracted by DTPA, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, and a mixture of organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, and oxalic acids). Cd concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 109Cd radionuclide activity was measured by low-level β-counting. The dry matter yield was not influenced by Cd rates, but the Cd content and accumulation in shoots had a positive linear correlation. Generally, Cd was extracted in higher quantities by Mehlich-1 followed by DTPA, Mehlich-3, and organic acids. A linear correlation was found between the chemical extractants and Cd accumulation in shoots for both soils. According to the L Ratio, the extractants based on strong acids and chelating agents presented low efficiency regarding Cd phytoavailability. The organic acids, which presented values close to the L-value, may provide a promising method for evaluating environmental contaminants.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162014000500010&lng=en&tlng=enPotentially toxic elementL-valueradioactive tracerweathered tropical soilssoil contamination |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fernando Guerra Anderson Ricardo Trevizam Rafael Carvalho Fior Takashi Muraoka |
spellingShingle |
Fernando Guerra Anderson Ricardo Trevizam Rafael Carvalho Fior Takashi Muraoka Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique Scientia Agricola Potentially toxic element L-value radioactive tracer weathered tropical soils soil contamination |
author_facet |
Fernando Guerra Anderson Ricardo Trevizam Rafael Carvalho Fior Takashi Muraoka |
author_sort |
Fernando Guerra |
title |
Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
title_short |
Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
title_full |
Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
title_fullStr |
Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
title_sort |
cadmium phytoavailability in soils and evaluation of extractant effectiveness using an isotope technique |
publisher |
Universidade de São Paulo |
series |
Scientia Agricola |
issn |
1678-992X |
publishDate |
2014-10-01 |
description |
Large areas of land are nowadays contaminated by heavy metals and, it is therefore, important to monitor their levels in soils. Vegetables act as transfer mechanisms of such contaminants from soils to higher levels in the food chain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical extractants by the L-value method for Cd phytoavailability using the 109Cd radionuclide. In a greenhouse experiment, rocket plants (Eruca sativa L.) were cultivated in pots with samples from Typic Hapludox and Typic Quartzipsamment soils. Cadmium concentrations ranging from 0 to 16 mg kg-1 were added to a 200 mL solution containing 148 kBq 109Cd. The available Cd in the soil was extracted by DTPA, Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3, and a mixture of organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic, and oxalic acids). Cd concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 109Cd radionuclide activity was measured by low-level β-counting. The dry matter yield was not influenced by Cd rates, but the Cd content and accumulation in shoots had a positive linear correlation. Generally, Cd was extracted in higher quantities by Mehlich-1 followed by DTPA, Mehlich-3, and organic acids. A linear correlation was found between the chemical extractants and Cd accumulation in shoots for both soils. According to the L Ratio, the extractants based on strong acids and chelating agents presented low efficiency regarding Cd phytoavailability. The organic acids, which presented values close to the L-value, may provide a promising method for evaluating environmental contaminants. |
topic |
Potentially toxic element L-value radioactive tracer weathered tropical soils soil contamination |
url |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162014000500010&lng=en&tlng=en |
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