Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in all degrees of injury severity mainly induces deviant cognitive, emotional and behavioral alterations that lead to their respective disorders. This brief overview strives to define the variables that determine the risk of occurrence of these disorders and to describe...
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Guilan University of Medical Sciences
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doaj-a16c467a65a24115a9f9064524e2485f2021-04-02T19:22:48ZengGuilan University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Neurosurgery2423-64972423-64972018-10-0144185198Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological MechanismsSara Ramezani0Zoheir Reihanian1Mozafar Hosseini Nejad2Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok3 Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in all degrees of injury severity mainly induces deviant cognitive, emotional and behavioral alterations that lead to their respective disorders. This brief overview strives to define the variables that determine the risk of occurrence of these disorders and to describe the common patterns of these disorders and their relevant neuropathogenetic mechanism(s). In addition, post-traumatic deficits can interact and exacerbate the probability, persistence and severity of each variable relative to one another. Since, neural substrates and pathways further complicate these TBI sequels, identifying the neuropathogenetic basis of these deficits using human brain mapping techniques has been a milestone in the investigations of the TBI field. It has been found that TBI-induced functional disturbance of one or more specific neural networks may cause a distinct disorder. However, this matter is a topic of discussion in TBI research. Evidently, prevalent, unpleasant TBI consequences such as motivational deficits, antisocial behaviors, aggression, disability of inhibitory control and executive function are mostly associated with the disruption of neural circuits originated from separate parts of the prefrontal cortex connected to thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia. Evidence strictly emphasizes the abnormality of the Default Mode Network (DMN) either within the network or between it and other neural networks for a majority of cognitive, emotional and sleep disorders after TBI. Therefore, imbalanced neural circuits due to TBI may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for post-traumatic neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorders as well as a guide for circuit-based neurotherapy.http://irjns.org/article-1-161-en.htmltraumatic brain injuryintrinsic neural networksneurotransmitter systemsbehaviorcognitionemotion |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara Ramezani Zoheir Reihanian Mozafar Hosseini Nejad Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok |
spellingShingle |
Sara Ramezani Zoheir Reihanian Mozafar Hosseini Nejad Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery traumatic brain injury intrinsic neural networks neurotransmitter systems behavior cognition emotion |
author_facet |
Sara Ramezani Zoheir Reihanian Mozafar Hosseini Nejad Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok |
author_sort |
Sara Ramezani |
title |
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms |
title_short |
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms |
title_full |
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms |
title_fullStr |
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Common Patterns and Neuropathological Mechanisms |
title_sort |
neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric deficits following traumatic brain injury: common patterns and neuropathological mechanisms |
publisher |
Guilan University of Medical Sciences |
series |
Iranian Journal of Neurosurgery |
issn |
2423-6497 2423-6497 |
publishDate |
2018-10-01 |
description |
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in all degrees of injury severity mainly induces deviant cognitive, emotional and behavioral alterations that lead to their respective disorders. This brief overview strives to define the variables that determine the risk of occurrence of these disorders and to describe the common patterns of these disorders and their relevant neuropathogenetic mechanism(s). In addition, post-traumatic deficits can interact and exacerbate the probability, persistence and severity of each variable relative to one another. Since, neural substrates and pathways further complicate these TBI sequels, identifying the neuropathogenetic basis of these deficits using human brain mapping techniques has been a milestone in the investigations of the TBI field. It has been found that TBI-induced functional disturbance of one or more specific neural networks may cause a distinct disorder. However, this matter is a topic of discussion in TBI research. Evidently, prevalent, unpleasant TBI consequences such as motivational deficits, antisocial behaviors, aggression, disability of inhibitory control and executive function are mostly associated with the disruption of neural circuits originated from separate parts of the prefrontal cortex connected to thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia. Evidence strictly emphasizes the abnormality of the Default Mode Network (DMN) either within the network or between it and other neural networks for a majority of cognitive, emotional and sleep disorders after TBI. Therefore, imbalanced neural circuits due to TBI may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for post-traumatic neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorders as well as a guide for circuit-based neurotherapy. |
topic |
traumatic brain injury intrinsic neural networks neurotransmitter systems behavior cognition emotion |
url |
http://irjns.org/article-1-161-en.html |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sararamezani neuropsychologicalandneuropsychiatricdeficitsfollowingtraumaticbraininjurycommonpatternsandneuropathologicalmechanisms AT zoheirreihanian neuropsychologicalandneuropsychiatricdeficitsfollowingtraumaticbraininjurycommonpatternsandneuropathologicalmechanisms AT mozafarhosseininejad neuropsychologicalandneuropsychiatricdeficitsfollowingtraumaticbraininjurycommonpatternsandneuropathologicalmechanisms AT shahrokhyousefzadehchabok neuropsychologicalandneuropsychiatricdeficitsfollowingtraumaticbraininjurycommonpatternsandneuropathologicalmechanisms |
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