Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)
Tenuipalpidae comprises mites that transmit viruses to agriculturally important plants. Several tenuipalpid species present parthenogenesis, and in Brevipalpus yothersi, the endosymbiont Cardinium has been associated with female-only colonies. It is unclear what the bacterial composition of B. yothe...
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doaj-a23236d17cfc4ed092ba90a664d8a1bf2020-11-24T22:55:26ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502016-12-01748010.3390/insects7040080insects7040080Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae)Oscar E. Ospina0Steven E. Massey1Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues2Center for Excellence in Quarantine and Invasive Species, Agricultural Experimental Station-Río Piedras, Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez, 1193 Calle Guayacán, San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USABioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, USACenter for Excellence in Quarantine and Invasive Species, Agricultural Experimental Station-Río Piedras, Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences Department, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez, 1193 Calle Guayacán, San Juan, PR 00926-1118, USATenuipalpidae comprises mites that transmit viruses to agriculturally important plants. Several tenuipalpid species present parthenogenesis, and in Brevipalpus yothersi, the endosymbiont Cardinium has been associated with female-only colonies. It is unclear what the bacterial composition of B. yothersi is, and how common Cardinium is in those microbiomes. We performed a comparative analysis of the bacteriomes in three populations of B. yothersi and three additional Tetranychoidea species using sequences from V4-fragment of 16S DNA. The bacteriomes were dominated by Bacteroidetes (especially Cardinium) and Proteobacteria, showing a remarkably low alpha diversity. Cardinium was present in about 22% of all sequences; however, it was not present in R. indica and T. evansi. In B. yothersi, the proportion of Cardinium was higher in adults than eggs, suggesting that proliferation of the bacteria could be the result of selective pressures from the host. This hypothesis was further supported because colonies of B. yothersi from different populations showed different bacterial assemblages, and bacteriomes from different mite species showed similar abundances of Cardinium. A phylogenetic analysis of Cardinium revealed that not only specialization but horizontal transmission has been important for this symbiosis. Together, these results represent a glimpse into the evolution of the Tetranychoidea and Cardinium.http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/7/4/80bacterial diversityBrevipalpus yothersifalse spider miteCardiniumhabitat filtering16S ribosomal RNATetranychoideaRaoiella indicaTetranychus evansiOligonychus |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Oscar E. Ospina Steven E. Massey Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues |
spellingShingle |
Oscar E. Ospina Steven E. Massey Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) Insects bacterial diversity Brevipalpus yothersi false spider mite Cardinium habitat filtering 16S ribosomal RNA Tetranychoidea Raoiella indica Tetranychus evansi Oligonychus |
author_facet |
Oscar E. Ospina Steven E. Massey Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues |
author_sort |
Oscar E. Ospina |
title |
Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |
title_short |
Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |
title_full |
Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |
title_fullStr |
Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reduced Diversity in the Bacteriome of the Phytophagous Mite Brevipalpus yothersi (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) |
title_sort |
reduced diversity in the bacteriome of the phytophagous mite brevipalpus yothersi (acari: tenuipalpidae) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Insects |
issn |
2075-4450 |
publishDate |
2016-12-01 |
description |
Tenuipalpidae comprises mites that transmit viruses to agriculturally important plants. Several tenuipalpid species present parthenogenesis, and in Brevipalpus yothersi, the endosymbiont Cardinium has been associated with female-only colonies. It is unclear what the bacterial composition of B. yothersi is, and how common Cardinium is in those microbiomes. We performed a comparative analysis of the bacteriomes in three populations of B. yothersi and three additional Tetranychoidea species using sequences from V4-fragment of 16S DNA. The bacteriomes were dominated by Bacteroidetes (especially Cardinium) and Proteobacteria, showing a remarkably low alpha diversity. Cardinium was present in about 22% of all sequences; however, it was not present in R. indica and T. evansi. In B. yothersi, the proportion of Cardinium was higher in adults than eggs, suggesting that proliferation of the bacteria could be the result of selective pressures from the host. This hypothesis was further supported because colonies of B. yothersi from different populations showed different bacterial assemblages, and bacteriomes from different mite species showed similar abundances of Cardinium. A phylogenetic analysis of Cardinium revealed that not only specialization but horizontal transmission has been important for this symbiosis. Together, these results represent a glimpse into the evolution of the Tetranychoidea and Cardinium. |
topic |
bacterial diversity Brevipalpus yothersi false spider mite Cardinium habitat filtering 16S ribosomal RNA Tetranychoidea Raoiella indica Tetranychus evansi Oligonychus |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/7/4/80 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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