Epithelium-on Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking with Hypotonic Riboflavin Solution in Progressive Keratoconus

• Main Author: Beckman KA
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-07-01
• Series: Clinical Ophthalmology
• Subjects: epithelium-on; cross-linking; cxl; dextran-free; photrexa
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/epithelium-on-corneal-collagen-cross-linking-with-hypotonic-riboflavin-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-OPTH

Kenneth A Beckman1,2 1Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio, Westerville, OH, USA; 2The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USACorrespondence: Kenneth A BeckmanComprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio, 450 Alkyre Run Dr #100, Westerville, OH, 43082, USATel [phone]Email [e-mail]: Epithelium-off cross-linking (epi-off CXL) has long been established as the gold standard treatment for progressive keratoconus. Several protocols for epithelium-on (epi-on) CXL have been proposed to help reduce post-operative pain and facilitate visual recovery, but there is no epi-on treatment approach that is currently approved in the United States. The hydrophilic and macromolecular characteristics of conventional epi-off riboflavin formulations may create clinical challenges for absorption through an intact epithelium. This study investigates the clinical efficacy of a dextran-free hypotonic riboflavin ophthalmic solution (Photrexa, Glaukos, Burlington, MA, USA), approved for epi-off CXL, in a novel epi-on CXL protocol.Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 17 patients were treated in this prospective, single-arm study using a hypotonic riboflavin formulation without dextran and low irradiance UVA (3mW/cm2) for epi-on CXL. Visual acuity, as well as refractive and keratometry outcomes, were observed over 12 months.Results: At 12 months, Kmax was stable with no clinically or statistically significant change from a mean pre-op of 55.4D to 55.9D (p=0.13). Uncorrected and best corrected logMAR visual acuity significantly improved from 0.77 to 0.62 and from 0.17 to 0.12, respectively. There were no significant adverse safety events.Conclusion: Patients who underwent epi-on CXL with dextran-free hypotonic riboflavin demonstrated improvements in uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity with stable keratometry at 12 months post-operatively. The efficacy is consistent with other epi-on studies to date but remains lower than standard epi-off CXL. New technologies, including supplemental oxygen and transepithelial riboflavin ophthalmic solutions, are currently under clinical evaluation and may offer a path forward for epi-on CXL in the USA.Keywords: epithelium-on, cross-linking, CXL, dextran-free, photrexa