Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND
Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic up...
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doaj-a2c775293ceb4685bc93f09c534c9aeb2020-11-24T22:43:56ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252017-02-01732510.3390/brainsci7030025brainsci7030025Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HANDAna B. Sanchez0Marcus Kaul1Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAImmunity and Pathogenesis Program, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USAMultiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/7/3/25HIV-1HANDanti-retroviralmethamphetamineneurotoxicity |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ana B. Sanchez Marcus Kaul |
spellingShingle |
Ana B. Sanchez Marcus Kaul Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND Brain Sciences HIV-1 HAND anti-retroviral methamphetamine neurotoxicity |
author_facet |
Ana B. Sanchez Marcus Kaul |
author_sort |
Ana B. Sanchez |
title |
Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_short |
Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_full |
Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_fullStr |
Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neuronal Stress and Injury Caused by HIV-1, cART and Drug Abuse: Converging Contributions to HAND |
title_sort |
neuronal stress and injury caused by hiv-1, cart and drug abuse: converging contributions to hand |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Brain Sciences |
issn |
2076-3425 |
publishDate |
2017-02-01 |
description |
Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to neuronal stress and injury underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which occur despite the successful introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Evidence is accumulating that components of cART can itself be neurotoxic upon long-term exposure. In addition, abuse of psychostimulants, such as methamphetamine (METH), seems to compromise antiretroviral therapy and aggravate HAND. However, the combined effect of virus and recreational and therapeutic drugs on the brain is still incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence suggest a shared critical role of oxidative stress, compromised neuronal energy homeostasis and autophagy in promotion and prevention of neuronal dysfunction associated with HIV-1 infection, cART and psychostimulant use. In this review, we present a synopsis of recent work related to neuronal stress and injury induced by HIV infection, antiretrovirals (ARVs) and the highly addictive psychostimulant METH. |
topic |
HIV-1 HAND anti-retroviral methamphetamine neurotoxicity |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/7/3/25 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT anabsanchez neuronalstressandinjurycausedbyhiv1cartanddrugabuseconvergingcontributionstohand AT marcuskaul neuronalstressandinjurycausedbyhiv1cartanddrugabuseconvergingcontributionstohand |
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1725693802319970304 |