Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord
Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is a pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica that has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Either MLIF or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered directly onto the spinal cord (SC) immediately after injury. Motor recovery was evaluated. We a...
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doaj-a335c0ae0f334515b00a4650fb471f0e2020-11-24T21:24:58ZengHindawi LimitedBioMed Research International2314-61332314-61412013-01-01201310.1155/2013/340727340727Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal CordGabriela Bermeo0Antonio Ibarra1Elisa García2Adrian Flores-Romero3Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo4Rubén Marroquín5Humberto Mestre6Carmina Flores7Francisco Blanco-Favela8Raúl Silva-García9Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720 México, DF, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, México Norte, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, 52786 Huixquilucan, MEX, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, México Norte, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, 52786 Huixquilucan, MEX, MexicoCentro de Investigación del Proyecto CAMINA, A.C, Tlalpan 4430, Col. Toriello Guerra, 14050 México, DF, MexicoDivisión de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Avenida Universidad 3000, 04510 México, DF, MexicoFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, Batalla 5 de Mayo/Fuerte de Loreto, Col. Ejercito de Oriente, 09230 México, DF, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, México Norte, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, 52786 Huixquilucan, MEX, MexicoFacultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac, México Norte, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, 52786 Huixquilucan, MEX, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720 México, DF, MexicoUnidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, Avenida Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, 06720 México, DF, MexicoMonocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is a pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica that has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Either MLIF or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered directly onto the spinal cord (SC) immediately after injury. Motor recovery was evaluated. We also analyzed neuroprotection by quantifying the number of surviving ventral horn motor neurons and the persistence of rubrospinal tract neurons. To evaluate the mechanism through which MLIF improved the outcome of SC injury, we quantified the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes at the site of injury. Finally, the levels of nitric oxide and of lipid peroxidation were also determined in peripheral blood. Results showed that MLIF improved the rate of motor recovery and this correlated with an increased survival of ventral horn and rubrospinal neurons. These beneficial effects were in turn associated with a reduction in iNOS gene products and a significant upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β expression. In the same way, MLIF reduced the concentration of nitric oxide and the levels of lipid peroxidation in systemic circulation. The present results demonstrate for the first time the neuroprotective effects endowed by MLIF after SC injury.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/340727 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Gabriela Bermeo Antonio Ibarra Elisa García Adrian Flores-Romero Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo Rubén Marroquín Humberto Mestre Carmina Flores Francisco Blanco-Favela Raúl Silva-García |
spellingShingle |
Gabriela Bermeo Antonio Ibarra Elisa García Adrian Flores-Romero Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo Rubén Marroquín Humberto Mestre Carmina Flores Francisco Blanco-Favela Raúl Silva-García Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord BioMed Research International |
author_facet |
Gabriela Bermeo Antonio Ibarra Elisa García Adrian Flores-Romero Guadalupe Rico-Rosillo Rubén Marroquín Humberto Mestre Carmina Flores Francisco Blanco-Favela Raúl Silva-García |
author_sort |
Gabriela Bermeo |
title |
Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord |
title_short |
Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord |
title_full |
Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord |
title_fullStr |
Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord |
title_full_unstemmed |
Monocyte Locomotion Inhibitory Factor Produced by E. histolytica Improves Motor Recovery and Develops Neuroprotection after Traumatic Injury to the Spinal Cord |
title_sort |
monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor produced by e. histolytica improves motor recovery and develops neuroprotection after traumatic injury to the spinal cord |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
BioMed Research International |
issn |
2314-6133 2314-6141 |
publishDate |
2013-01-01 |
description |
Monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is a pentapeptide produced by Entamoeba histolytica that has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Either MLIF or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered directly onto the spinal cord (SC) immediately after injury. Motor recovery was evaluated. We also analyzed neuroprotection by quantifying the number of surviving ventral horn motor neurons and the persistence of rubrospinal tract neurons. To evaluate the mechanism through which MLIF improved the outcome of SC injury, we quantified the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) genes at the site of injury. Finally, the levels of nitric oxide and of lipid peroxidation were also determined in peripheral blood. Results showed that MLIF improved the rate of motor recovery and this correlated with an increased survival of ventral horn and rubrospinal neurons. These beneficial effects were in turn associated with a reduction in iNOS gene products and a significant upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β expression. In the same way, MLIF reduced the concentration of nitric oxide and the levels of lipid peroxidation in systemic circulation. The present results demonstrate for the first time the neuroprotective effects endowed by MLIF after SC injury. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/340727 |
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